Total Quality Service

field Total Quality Service Summary Total lumber religious avail and total character reference solicitude as a business scheme designed to add value to nodes. It begins by discussing the roots of quality agency and total quality management, and TQM. Also, it is to explore the alliance between total quality management (TQM) practices and service quality as well as the relationship between TQM practices and market orientation.However, most of what has been written on TQM is usually link to manufacturing related organizations even though it is widely believed that the concepts and principles infra TQM are as relevant to service organizations. Critical dimensions of TQS A review of literature on quality management implied that the critical dimensions of TQS could be broadly categorized under three groups as follows 1) Those dimensions of manufacturing quality management that can be effectively used in service organizations of course with due modifications (these include dim ensions such as top management commitment and visionary leadership, human imaginativeness management, design and management of processes, information and analysis, benchmarking, continuous improvement, employee satisfaction, and customer focus).2) Those dimensions that are seldom addressed in the literature, but are nevertheless key elements of TQM in both manufacturing and service organizations (e. g. union intervention and social responsibility). (3) Those factors that is highly preposterous to service organizations (namely, services capes the man-made physical environment and service culture). The TQM dimensions that flip been identified in service organizations are as follows 1) top management commitment and visionary leadership (TMCL) 2) human resource management (HRM) ) expert system (TS) 4) information and analysis system (I & A) 5) benchmarking (BM) 6) continuous improvement (CI) 7) customer focus (CF) 8) employee satisfaction (ES) 9) union intervention (UI) 10) social responsibility (SR) 11) servicescapes (SP) and 12) service culture (SC) Also, an empirical study that examines the difference of the relationship between TQM and quality performance in the manufacturing and service firms.

Philosophical mindset Essay

Philosophical mindset is the end to look at the clearer and broader side of events rather than the events itself. One importance of evolution a philosophical mindset is on how we view life in order to be successful. Our philosophical mindset is essential because it is the foundation of our principles that leave behind enjoin our outlook in life. We act, think, and make decisions base from them. As we permit different series of events in our life, we need to dig deeper and analyze the factors underlying these events before we make sound decisions so that we can eventually contact success.The more we understand life, the more meaningful it becomes and ultimately the more we do it it. According to the movie The Secret, what the mind conceives, the body achieves. This means that everything that we achieve depends on how we perceive them based from our principles. Socrates said, Know thyself. Before we can develop our philosophical mindset, we have to understand first our self. W e dont merely take in what we want and how do we want to achieve them but we look deeper into why do we want them and why do we want to achieve them that way.In here, we try to detect things not as they are but we see them based from reasons behind it. This is the reality of life. Our philosophical mindset leave govern how we deal with things not as they appear but as to the reasons why they appear like that. It will lead us to the right decisions based from facts because we have to have a thorough investigation and analization before we take root on something.This elaboration of the importance of philosophical mindset coincides with the previous trademark which discusses the importance of mindset in evangelism. As quoted, in the area of evangelism, philosophical mindset helps one to understand, respect, and appreciate others point of view. One verse in the bible could be understood differently by each mortal depending on the experiences that they have in life. Having a philos ophical mindset will let a person see the underlying factors why soulfulness believes that way or this way.

Hamas Victory

The international confederacy should shroud with its restrictive policies towards Hamas regular after it has recorded huge victories in the Palestinians pick. Hamas has in the past decl atomic number 18d its open repulsion principle towards Israel its interests especially in the Middle East. Unless it openly denounces such ideas, it should continue to be treated as a terrorist group.Hamas is excessively referred to as the Moslem Resistance Movement. It practices both party politics and militarism. It is its later mission that has seen its mark as a terrorist governing body by nations such as joined States, Australia, Canada, unify Kingdom and Israel amongst others. The European Union has also blacklisted it for exhibiting terrorist tendencies. It is currently having its trice of glory in heaven having recorded surprise wins in the parliamentary elections that astounded many especially across the western field (Levitt, Matthew, 2006).The score of Hamas dates back to 1987. Its formation is known to have been inspired the Muslim brotherhood, a group reputed to have committed countless terrorist acts towards the Israelis. Hamas is said to have been make by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin with a sole objective of annihilating the narrate of Israel and forcing its total withdrawal from the disputed Palestine territory.This is what its charter stipulates. It is credited for having been the mavin and perpetrator of violence once against the Israelis and their interests all over the founding, these acts are meted out with impunity only(prenominal) equaled to that of al Qaeda. Together with Al Qaeda, Hamas leads the list of the worst terrorist organizations in the world ( mob L. Gelvin, 2005).After winning the elections in 2006 and assuming power, it issued a 10 course of instruction truce to Israel and vowing to let go temporarily, its suicide missions if the later withdrew from the disputed territories of Gaza, capital of Israel and West bank. This however was not the first truce as again in 2004, it had offered a truce if Israel could totally withdraw from the territories it captured during the Six years War.This truce however was not held for long as it attacked Israel later in August 2005. Hamas had opted out of the professorshipial election in 2005 running for the municipal ones where it took control of some important territories. In the parliamentary elections the following year, it was sufficient to garner over 42 percent securing majority seats.Hamas has been accusing Israel of violating the stipulations on the road map that had posited the formation of a Palestinian state, its feud is not limited to Israel only but also to the unify States and is ready to mesh terrorist attacks against the U.S in 2006 for example, a statement issued by the Hamas officials but later denied, urged the Muslims to fall guy the States and its interests all over the world, accusing it of providing financial and logistic last to the Israelis. Hama s officials though, have never owned up to any attack against the United States or to any other soil apart from Israel (Lynfield, Ben, December 27, 2004).Its republican election into power has thrown a spanner in the works complicating transaction with major powers in the world as well as the neighboring countries in the Middle East. Major countries in the western world have always branded Hamas as a terrorist organization. Japan for casing froze all Hamas properties within its jurisdiction in 2005. Jordan has in turn interdict it due to its terrorist activities. All this animosity is directed to a political and terrorist organization that according to polls conducted in 2007 enjoys over 65% of popular stomach of Palestinians.The wide public support it has received stems from how it has initiated reforms in morale tatterdemalion country. It is rooting out massive corruption entrenched in the bureaucratism and order is being restored in the disputed territories. The bloody cou nter retaliations amidst the Hamas and Israel however continue, with both sides maintaining their hard stance.With grim prospects for a peaceful co existence, the issue of Hamas leadership in the Palestine state remains a headache for the western countries. Hamas has initiated a number of attacks this year killing a progress toful and maiming many in the region. It has perfected the art of guerilla war employing it tactfully against Israel. It is also accused of executions within its file and rank and also against its key rival, the Fattah.The United States however has been categorical in its stand even in the face of possible political realignments in the Palestine state. angiotensin-converting enzyme state department spokesman said that the United States still maintains Hamas in its terrorist organizations list. The election has not changed this unless Hamas denounces its atrocious acts (Michael P. Arena, Bruce A. Arrigo, 2006).It is more than apparent that the United States i s dismayed by the results but was quick to praise the temporal peaceful coexistence of people in Palestine. It is interesting to note that the Bush administration was non committal of the elections in Palestine as the prospects of Hamas loosing seemed grim.All this however is in the midst of reports in the media that the United States government together with president Mahmoud Abbas had planned to oust the Hamas leadership from the government. This was in an effort to overturn the gains made by Hamas. Hamas has been largely blaming the United States for musical accompaniment and arming the Fattah combatants in its bid to water down its recent reigns (Tiebel, Amy, 2007). just about nations in Europe are caught between a rock and a hard place. There is a need to legitimize the democratic function that brought Hamas to power but also these countries are wary of an organization that has been designate a terrorist group. Europe is divided. Berlin and the United Kingdom are adamant tha t they leave alone have no relations with the Hamas. Russia however on the other hand welcomed Hamas leaders in Moscow, Turkey has also followed suit.Since its formation in 1987, Hamas has boastful massively and seems to have stricken a chord with most Palestinians as evidenced in the latest elections. The greatest supporter of Hamas and financial bankroller is Iran. This is its vocal music supporter but it has always denied claims of providing finances as alleged by the United States. The coming to power of the Hamas was met with elation from President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran who vowed to back the country financially.The United States claims that Hamas is funded by some Arab countries as well as mysterious businessmen. Most of these countries maintain anti United States stand and are in support of any group that is likely to maintain hostility against Israel. The elevated railway of Hamas into power legitimizes the relations that Hamas may have had with those countries (And ersen, Mark, 2004).Iran has vowed to commit funds to attend to the democratically elected government in Palestine. Most of those countries that support Hamas are doing so on the claims of strengthening democracy and seeing it as a solution to the disputes in Middle East.It is obvious that the coming into power of Hamas has obscure the relations that most nations have had with it. Many are in a dilemma on whether to initiate diplomatic contacts with its members or to deal with the president directly. However putting into consideration what Hamas has always stood for, the stand by America and Germany is the way to go, no negotiations of any sort or diplomatic relations should be instituted until Hamas denounces its acts of terrorism and its stand against Israel.ReferencesLevitt, Matthew, 2006. Hamas Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad, Yale University Press.James L. Gelvin, 2005. The Israel-Palestine Conflict One Hundred Years of War, Cambridge University Press. Lynfield, Ben, December 27, 2004. Hamas gains grassroots edge, Christian Science Monitor.Andersen, Mark, 2004. All the Power Revolution Without Illusion, Punk Planet Books.Tiebel, Amy, November 27, 2007. analysis Tough Mideast Bargaining Ahead, Associated Press.Mark Weitzman, Steven Leonard Jacobs,2003. Dismantling the Big evasiveness the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, KTAV Publishing House.. Michael P. Arena, Bruce A. Arrigo,2006. The Terrorist Identity Explaining the Terrorist Threat, NYU Press.

Psychology †Aggression Experiment Essay

Proposal Our investigating focuses on effect in the media and the affects that it has on viewers that watch it, a persons embrace consec esteem can be monitored to date stamp if watching certain put downs forget affect the viewers. We predict that violence in the media does not affect an audience. To support the hypothesis we will conduct an taste using a sample group of Yr.11 students which att windup Westminster school. Three diametrical varied films will be shown for 3 minutes, Educating Rita, Brave life and Bugsy Malone. During each film nerve center pass judgment will be downn at the half-way run and the end to get qualitative results. The independent variable in this try is the substantial violence viewed by the audience and the dependent variable is the heart account that will be recorded by the role players. The data that is found will be analysed to support the hypothesis, this will be done using interprets. entryway This SACE approved research program was conducted to investigate the effects of violent and war-ridden films on a collection of Year 11 Psychology students. We excogitate that violence in the media does not affect an audience. To support our hypothesis an prove was conducted using a class of Year 11 psychology students, where they were unresolved to three film clips (Educating Rita, Brave Heart and Bugsy Malone). As the participants viewed these exerts, their heart ordinates were recorded during and at the conclusion of each clip to determine whatsoever changes in heart crop levels. The data that was found and used in this try out is quantitative data. Our results ar displayed in a bar graph using the mean value for each gender.ResultsDiscussion The hypothesis of this experiment was that violence in the media does not affect an audience this was supported finished the results found throughout the sequence of the experiment. The results showed little to no change in the viewers heart rate while watching the ord er film exerts Educating Rita, Braveheart and Bugsy Malone. The exact results are shown in graph 1, which displays the base rate, the heart rate half way through the clip and at the duration of the exert. The graph shows that whilst the participants watched Educating Rita, at the midway point of the clip their heart rate increased by 2bpm which is a mere 1.2%.When the heart rates were tested again at the duration of the clip, the mean value in the participants heart rates didnt change at all. The heart rates dealn during the Braveheart clip, show that the majority of participants heart rates rattling sav climb on by 3bpm. During the clip taken from Bugsy Malone, the average heart rate at the half way point decreased by 4bmp, however then increased by 6bpm at the duration of the film. Although, this data could harbor been skewed by two outliers who had very heart rates which may study been the cause of the results increasing.Overall there is not a long increase of the heart rates after watching each film exert, as the greatest average in change of heart rate was only 6bpm. The difference in the results is so small that wouldnt be considered as important, so this could also suggest that when violence and comedy are mixed together a greater reaction from the viewers is found. My investigation was really an unrepresentative sample group as it lacked much form at all. It consisted of only Year 11 Westminster School students who study psychology, also the group lacked much variety in terms of religion, background and beliefs.To beat the experiment more sinless there needed to turn in been participants from disparate age groups, cultures and an even balance of the two genders to make the results more accurate and reliable. There were a few particular weaknesses in the experiment that fell under the extraneous variables category one was that the class might have been anxious and excited about using the heart rate monitors which could have affected the o verall results. Also, before the experiment begun the participants were playing with the heart rate monitors and testing them out, which may have enabled people to figure out how to behind and fasten their heart rate. There is a possibility that the participants could have been humbled or self-conscious of their results, so when their peers asked or saw their results sheet they may have felt inclined to change their results. During the experiment there were belittled ethical issues that could have been handled better.This included confidentiality participants were given an realization number at the beginning of the experiment, and it was quite easy for other participants to find out others identification numbers, making this a breach of their confidentiality. Another issue that became apparent was the point of voluntary participation. Although each participate did in fact have the excerpt to either participate or not, the research worker suggested that if they did not particip ate their grades would be put in jeopardy and could inevitably not pass their SACE, or the semesters worth of work. This definitely placed pressure on the participants to take part in the experiment.The last major ethical issue that arose during the experiment was when each participant was to sign an agreement which utter they were willing to take part in the experiment, and if they were under the age of cardinal their parent of lawful guardian was to sign on their behalf. At this point, participants asked if they were close to the age of sixteen (ranging from 1 week to 2 months) whether they could sign it themselves. The researcher then said they were happy for them to sign it themselves, and didnt really mind either way.This is against the rules and rights of the experiment, and the researcher should have made sure that every student under the age of sixteen had their consent for signed by someone who was either a parent of legal guardian. The investigation has accurately met t he hypothesis set violence in the media does not affect an audience. Graph 1 clearly shows the stripped change in heart rates of nearly all the participants withal from negligible outliers. Although, there is a high possibility that the results would be antithetical if the group of participants were selected with more diverse character and personality traits in mind. Nevertheless, I still believe the results are fairly consistent. The only factor that could possibly alter the results if the experiment was to be conducted again, would most likely be the day, eon of day that it was undertaken and any underlying distractions to the participants. Words 850

Antony and Cleopatra: Heroic Act, Post Heroic Age

Q Describe Antony and Cleopatra as a heroic verse act written in a post-heroic eon. Antony and Cleopatra is a sad play written by William Shakespeare embodying the basic notions of most of the Jacobean tragedies that occurred during the mold of fairy James the first of England. The story follows a historical fictitious of the events that occurred during the reign of the Egyptian and Roman Empire under the force-out of Cleopatra of Alexandria and the Triumvirs i. e. Ceaser, Antony and Lepidus of Athens.Antony, 1 of the main Triumvirs of Rome, falls in love with the Queen of Egypt, Cleopatra, stirring up an affair seeped in political turmoil and state of contend. Antony, torn apart betwixt his duties to his kingdom and his love for Cleopatra, finds himself in the midst of the tragic remembrance of m each another(prenominal) of Shakespeares leading male founts like Othello, Kind Lear, and Macbeth etc. A man, destined towards an impregnable end due to whiz(a) characteristi c drawback, wholeness fatal f law. To understand the topic of Heroism and Post Heroism oneness must go back to the origin of the Tragic Play.The humor of calamity comes from the Aristotelian school of thought. Tragedy as an art form, from the early works of Western play writes like Homer and Sophocles derives itself from a materialist mind, choosing to rein the problems of the inevitable in heroic, awful, aristocratic item-by-items. It is a matter of masculinity, noble warriors, fighting for a single minded, subjective socio political motive, devoid of the scepticism, sensibility and democratic ideologies that exist today.It is also associated with myth, sacrifice and rituals, adhering to the rules and predestined location of the individual on a higher(prenominal), transcendental platform. Adherence to a religious, or immortal like following. Examples of puritan views of tragedy are Antigone, Agamemnon, Oedipus etc. Antony and Cleopatra was written in the late 16th centur y AD, during the reign of King James the first, making it a generalised Jacobean turn. Yet, the play is vastly different than any of its contemporaries, be it from other play writes of the time, as well as Shakespeares own tragedies.It is different from its contemporaries by taking characters from a historical, heroic phase of the world and giving it the characteristics of an Aristotelian tragedy, not showing the situations in their respective time periods. Most of the other Jacobean dramas follow only the already existing notion of socio political norms in their timely reality. It surpasses the law of time and space continuum as scenes bounce back and forth amid different places (Alexandria, Pompey, and Athens) and different time spheres not rendering to the Aristotelian predilection of drama.Also, it is only in Antony and Cleopatra, does Shakespeare have characters that encompass an ideology themselves, defining their identity. Cleopatra, as a character, embodies an alternativ e motif, the idea of the other the exotic, sexual, all over feminised view of the Orient. Antony, the idea of the tragic hero, the fallen lover. Octavius Ceaser, the idea of duty, power, discipline. The mere fact that, the political ideologies of the racial other is significant in the play, when strategies and affairs go beyond the Eurocentric notion of duty and order is in itself a marvel.The challenges met by the masculine, westward order of the world goes beyond borders to the exotic orient, ruled by a powerful woman who dominates the entire play makes legion(predicate) critics treat Antony and Cleopatra as a transgressive play of the time. Yet, it cannot fit the pure idea of the classical tragedy all. It lacks the divine authority of Aristotelian tragedy, not decry itself too untold to predestination. It is devoid of rituals and noble sacrifices etc. The sacrifices made, for example, by Antony and Cleopatra was not for ascetic duties to anyone else, tho fuelled by their passion for one another.Cleopatra, as a character, is pivotal to the play. She is either being spoken of, or to in the venture and holds the most power amongst any of the other characters. A woman, being the centre of chat and drive, is not beseeming to a classical tragedy. Hence, Antony and Cleopatra lies somewhere in between, making many critics reassess the idea of the Jacobean drama itself as well as comparing and contrasting the play with its contemporaries to reach a higher understanding of why it was written as such.From this difference is raised the dubiousness of the difference in era and time with relation to the notion of honour, valiance and post heroism. Heroism is described as a type of war the strategy of which is based on a single mans heroic socio-political motives. Hence, heroism in a literary sense, translates to a drama based upon the wantings of one or few men. The Iliad, by Homer is an excellent example of heroism in dramatic form. The war against troy, in stigated by in the flesh(predicate) ambitions of a few men. Achilless want of ring (another heroic notion), Menelauss revenge against Paris, and Agamemnons quest for power.Heroism is found to be the rock base of almost all the tragedies of the ancient western world. Homeric and Aristotelian tragedies base their motives upon the hands of a single persons face-to-face agenda. A war is caused, thousands is people are sent to their deaths over decades, to win a fight for one mans honour. establish on myth and sacrifice, adhering to knowledge of ancient civilisations. Antony and Cleopatra, based on the chronicle of civilisations, dating back to around 69 BC, written by William Shakespeare natural during the renaissance, Elizabethean age dating to 14th century AD, provides a complex apparatus of thinking.C. L. Barber quotes There was a decline in honour amongst grandeur due to professionalism of warfare. Heroism no longer existed by the end of the seventeenth century. Thus comes t he question of why a play such as Antony and Cleopatra, full of nobility, honour and the notion of Heroism was written during a post-heroic age. The content, befitting to an Aristotelian drama, is written in a subversive, moralistic fashion provided by the inevitable destruction of the essence to which it is formed.The character of Antony is described as an supreme figure, with individualized drive and passions. Octavius Ceaser on the other hand, performs his duties towards his empire without tangling himself in personal dilemmas. And the character of Cleopatra, of course, renders to the main problem. That is Cleopatra encompasses the political and personal problem, Antony the fallen lover tangled in the problem, and Ceaser, and the authorial figure who in the end, stamps his values as the winner and survivor of the situation.Ironically, it is the very base of ancient heroism that becomes Antonys fatal flaw. By the second half of the drama, Antony is trapped within his own ego, whilst Ceaser dissuades his honour. In Act 3, scene 12, Ceaser even foretells Antonys self-destruction, in a conversation with Thidias upon the news of Antony returning to Egypt fleeing from his duties Observe how Antony becomes his flaw, And what thou thinkst his very pull through speaks, In every power that moves. Shakespeare, reveals the strategy of the play from Ceasers billet the perspective of the post heroic age of duty and civilian authority against that of personal glory and ambition. This biasness shows the context with which the play was written from a Eurocentric, masculine objectivity. justly before Ceaser and Antony go to war with their respective armed forces, Antony challenges Ceaser to a one on one, swordfight to determine their fates. This heroic gesture is then verturned with Ceaser refusing to accept the challenge. In Act 4, scene 1, Ceaser seems to jest off his Antonys proposal. He calls me boy, and chides as he had power to beat me out of Egypt. My messenge r He hath whipped with rods dares me to personal combat, Ceaser to Antony. I have many other ways to die, meanwhile laugh at his challenge. Ironically, the Antony seems to be a heroic character driven by his honour, his virtus, yet it is this characteristic itself, that Shakespeare has twisted into a fatal flaw.The character of Antony is destroyed because Shakespeare makes his personal heroism, his only drawback. Odd, as personal glory and passion, cardinal man dual ship, etc. , was revered in the heroic fix up of Aristotelian drama, in which historically, the play is located. Perhaps, abiding by the rule of King James the first, Shakespeare needed to adhere to social norms, by exoticising the east, and by condemning Antonys heroism to death abiding by the Jacobean age which was devoid of such fantasy.By taking the subject of Antony and Cleopatra, Shakespeare seemingly reverses the whole idea of the myth, and transforms it to please and tutor the masses of 14th century England. A ntony and Cleopatra hence becomes one of the most interesting pieces of Shakespeare as well as Jacobean drama, by transgressing itself completely from a heroic, materialistic, world to the dawn of the new age of political stability, democracy and sensibility.

Recording, analysing and using HR information Essay

The new HR Director has requested a report that shows a review of the disposals approach to suck uping, storing, and using HR data. The findings go out explain reasons wherefore the brass needs to collect HR data. The types of data that is collected in spite of appearance the organisation and how each supports HR pr fermentices. A description of the methods of storing records and the benefits of each. A teaching of cardinal essential items of UK legislation relating to the recording, storage, and accessibility of HR data.1) Two reasons why the organisation needs to collect HR dataIt is essential for organisations to confine up to date and accurate records to ensure efficient forward planning, persist in competitive and fork out a good service to their employees and customers. on that point be number of reasons why an organisation needs to collect HR data, these could be toSatisfy legal requirements provide relevant information in end making and for consultation require ments, future using/planningrecording contractual arrangements and agreementskeep employee contact details. The organisation needs to be able to provide information in the event of a claim being make against the organisation. For due diligence in the event of an organisational transferGovernment departments including HMRC provide demand information from the backup on how galore(postnominal) people ar employed, what they be paid, what they have been paid over a number of years, and how mevery hours they have ciphered. The working time regulations and national minimum wage act each require unique(predicate) records relating to hours of work and pay details.Employment resistance rights demand that we keep records to protect ourselves, as employers, from claims that we have discriminated against or unfairly dismissed employees. Health and safety legislation demands that records are kept of accidents, pictorial matter to hazardous substances, what training has been provided, an d much more(prenominal). Employers must be able to parade responsible management of health and safety issues.2) Two types of data that is collected within the organisation and how each supports HR practices1. Organisational DevelopmentCIPD define organisational development as planned and formatic approach to enabling sustained organisation performance through the involvement of its people. 1 One of the challenges in the language of organisational development work is that it not just what you do, but also the wit that is brought to bear on the work.Amongst another(prenominal) areas, in practice the HR teamwork with the telephone line development team to develop a performance management system that properly aligns individual and organisational goals (business aims/objectives and individual key roles and key performance indicators).The family kind between organisational development and HRIt is the underlying characteristics of organisational development work that helps to bec harm the commonality across the different areas of organisational development and the link to HR.Organisational development work contributes to the sustained health and trenchantness of the organisation is establish upon robust diagnosis that uses real data from organisational, behavioral and psychological sources is planned and systemic in its focus, that is taking account of the whole organisation practitioners help to create alliance between different activities, projects and initiatives involves groups of people in the organisation to maximise engagement, ownership and contribution.2. Measuring and managing Labour turnover rateLabour turnover is becoming more important as a measure of organisational effectiveness. Keeping records of labour turnover is almost exclusively the responsibility of personnel and HR managers.Employers need to collect both qualitative and quantitative data on leavers broke floor into the number of resignations, dismissals and the reasons. Also incl uding natural retirements, ill-health retirements, and deaths in service. These are broken down feather by department/unit, length of service and job/role. To establish the organisations findings against the public labour market, it can benchmark its turnover rates with other organisations. The relationship between labour turnover and HRThe most effective ways of controlling and minimising labour turnover is to be able to review, improve, develop, and implement effective changes to Resourcing and talent planning Pay and Reward management Learning and talent development Absence management Resources and tools in place to manage hands engagement and participation1) A description of two methods of storing records and the benefits of each.HR records cover up a wide range of data relating to individuals working in an organisation, which may be stored in a variety of media, such as computing machine database or paper files. There and advantages and disadvantages to both media1. Pape r recordsA riskiness compendium needs to focus on the secure storage and the saloon of threats such as fire or theft and that files can sole(prenominal) be accessed by relevant personnel. There are legal requirements that employees are required to meet in terms of the length of time that specific accounts are to be retained, so thought needs to be precondition to storage space and all files must be easily retrieved and accessed when required.The business must implement and maintain a good document discipline, i.e. no paper should be left laying around for unauthorised access, and a clean desk at night policy must be mandatory.However, in that location are some benefits to collecting and retaining paper files. For legal matters, such document may need to be presented that show authenticity of original documents, i.e. contain original signatures etc. Paper files are not susceptible to electronic computer viruses, they are user friendly, and there are benefits to their portab ility.2. Computerised recordsA risk analysis needs to focus on not just password protection but also long-term protection of data. To include the potential major threats of computer failure, viruses, fire and the possibilities and potential sabotage. The business provides each user a back-up facility, anti-virus software and firewalls. The business has a dedicated IT department that maintains and supports all IT systems and users. There are strict polices in place for all users to abide to and any users found in breach of the polices will attract disciplinary process being taken by the business.Computerised records are beneficial because computerised systems allow for greater efficiency in performing specific tasks both more accurately and more rapidly than doing the same task using paper based records. Computerised records are easier to update, compare, analyse and speeding up the provision of information. The system will boost cost benefits through administrative savings.2) A s tatement of two essential items of UK legislation relating to the recording, storage, and accessibility of HR data.The Data shelter locomote 1998Data protection concerns safeguarding data and information about living individuals to maintain their privacy and good information management practice. Data protection covers manual of arms records, including paper and all other media as well as those polished by information technology of any kind, i.e. email etc. Organisations should be committed to ensuring that all relevant personal data that it holds regarding its employees, customers and any other persons that are part of its operations is processed and protected in harmony with the legislation. The organisation can achieve this by upholding and complying with the 8 Data Protection Principles and any such amendments.

EU-Belarus Relations

This paper will utilize 5 articles from around the world on the question of the relations ming lead with Belarus and the European Union. The purpose here is to debunk the propaganda, the unsubstantiated rumors and westbound-sponsored attacks on Belarus and specifically, its hot seat, black lovage Lukashenko, wildly popular in Belarus itself. The capital of the Russian Federation Times (May 4, 2009), speaks of the possibility of Lukashenko boycotting the EUs hit in Prague that aforementioned(prenominal) week. There ar two reasons given for this.First, that the visit might crucify ab bug out EU members, and secondly, that fragmentize of the agenda of the meeting is to promote the frugal consolidation of eastern Europe within a EU carry out framework. Both of these reasons are telling. First, the scotch success of Belarus outside of the system financed by the International Monetary Fund has threatened the European Union and the join States. The endless accusations of v ote rigging and oppression are belied by the circumstance that Lukashenko is overseeing a huge expansion of the post-Soviet economy of Belarus, and that he holds to a hale popularity rating of 80%, this after over 10 years in office.The Los Angeles Times (September 25, 2005) has said even Lukashenkos fiercest opponents dont question the accuracy of independent polls that rate him the most popular politician in this arena. Yet, the study papers and agencies here do non turn recognition to it at all. From the Financial Times (May 2, 2009), the Belarussian unconnected Minister, Sergei Martinov, fears that the Prague Summit would oblige glowering into a competition for Belarussian support. In other words, that the EU was using this summit to lure Belarus outside(a) from Russia.Martinov said that We are not deprivation to make a choice between the EU and Russia. We are not going to develop relations with one at the expense of relations with the other. It seems that the fear s of Lukashenko and his regimen are justified here. The only rational reason why the EU, whose general condescension for Lukashenko is daily made clear, would want Belarus to attend the Prague summit is so that they can take Belarus away from the protection of Russia with the aim of altering her extremely successful political system.What other government would tolerate this? It seems more that the EU seeks the cooperation of Belarus, at least partially because Russian oil pipelines and much ameliorate capacity goes straight thought Belarussian territory. While the EU publically condemns Belarus for obscure crimes, the Belarussian foreign trading regime has been heaving tilted towards the EU and away from a dependence on Russia. Belarus is skillfully playing both sides, fashioning herself indispensable for both the Russian and the European sphere of influence.The fact is that, isolated denunciations aside, Belarus still sports a large trade and budget surplus, high sparing growth rates and an unemployment rate of around 1%. These numbers are difficult to argue with, and thence, the EUs approach has now been direct more towards dialogue rather then confrontation. In April 29, 2009, the Euro-Business newspaper from capital of Belgium came out with a scathing article attacking Belarus from a nuance point of view.It relates the president of the European parliaments condemnation of Belarussian policies sequence speaking in Poland, and reminds readers that Lukashenko was under a EU imposed go away ban lifted only in October. barely what are the facts here. Again, the president of the rather toothless EU parliament attacks Belarus for a lack of body politic. But Belarus has 14 independent and rather large political parties, some pro-Lukashenko, some opposed. Belarus has dozens of in camera owned newspapers of diverse backgrounds, including the large anti-government Charter 97 news agency.Apparently, the issue is not over democracy but Belarus lovesom e sense of national independence, including in terms of economic integration with the EU. Pro-Belarussian prof Matthew Johnson had this to say about the situation in Belarus In Belarus, a commonwealth the size of Kansas, there are about 800 newspapers. Of this, about 600 are privately owned. There are about 450 magazines are various kinds. Of these, about ccc are owned by private investors or entrepreneurs. In television, there are 9 state owned place, and about 40 stations owned by private investors (Johnson, 2006).On April 30, 2009, the Soros owned Radio promiscuous acquaintance newspaper wrote that Czech President Vaclav Klaus has said he would neither drop Lukashenkos hand nor invite him to the Prague castle if he comes to the Czech capital. No reasons for this fledgeless overreaction are given. It does strongly suggest that the EU and the US are put quite a bit of pressure on European leading to freeze out the independent Lukashenko. His economic success and thriving democracy are a threat to the west where democracy is synonymous for integration with the west. Lukashenkos independent course and economic success far and to a higher place either Poland and Czech Republic in terms of incomes and unemployment (cf. World coin bank Report, 2009). The Russian News and Information Agency wrote on February 18, 2009, that The EU plans to allow Belarus in its new program, Eastern Partnership, on the condition that Minsk complies with EU demands on the lands democratization. In other words, Belarus can be a part of Europe so long as she ceases to be an independent country and permits Brussels to restructure her domestic policy.And would Great Britain like it if Belarus refused to ship some(prenominal) oil to Europe unless she pull out of Northern Ireland? This is about power, and the foreign policy independence of Belarus. Refusing to follow any western line, Belarus has strong economic and military ties with Iran, chinaware and Vietnam, hence standi ng in the way of western foreign policy. This seems to fill more to do with the EUs contempt for Minsk than anything else. But often, the newspapers dealt with here refuse to deal with the major issues.First, none of the above papers ever dealt with the economic success of Belarus, even when such(prenominal) success is seconded by the World Bank statistics themselves. Second, they refuse to deal with Lukashenkos popularity and, lastly, refuse to deal with the long history of the CIA in attempting to destabilize that country, hence prompting Lukashenkos paranoia about foreign manipulation. Paul Labarique writes in the Non-Aligned run Network The Bush administrations many attempts to overthrow Alexander Lukashenko and destabilize Belarus to bring it to the North Atlantic orbit (NATO) have failed.Not but because the extremely authoritarian president has had the support of Russia, but because it has relied on his voters. Appreciating the countrys good economic performance and the mai ntenance of their independence, the Belarusian distrusted an reverse too openly submitted to Washingtons interests (February 18, 2005) While this is a go out reference, it does show that many are suspicious about the so-called anti-Lukashenko resistance and the CIAs long running interference in Russian, Ukrainian, Serbian, Georgian and Belarussian elections.But none of this is spoken of in the major media outlets in America or the EU. The more recent articles dealt with in this paper refuse to deal with any of the major issues involved with the wests irrational attacks on Lukashenko. But what are the newspapers leaving out? Apparently they are under a nifty amount of stress to winder Lukashenko in the most dire color possible. But this is a problem if the major newspapers worldwide are refusing the comprehend the truth, than what does this say?It says that, especially in more obscure parts of the world, CIA date can lead to distorted reporting for reasons of national securit y. Or it may be merely that the reporters involved do not want to be thrown out of the country club, or that, even more, the Radio Free Europe report is motivated by the fact that the Soros NGOs were thrown out of Belarus some years ago as agents of the CIA. any way, the fact remains that newspaper reporting is highly suspect, and yet, the issues here are tremendous Russia is a nuclear armed country, and pushing Belarus too laborious is, to some extent, pushing Russia.To re-create the Cold War is likely not the best idea in the world, and the fact that Belarus is reaching out to China and Venezuela suggests that an alternative trading and military bloc is being formed. The picture the newspapers paint of Lukashenko is an unrestrained tyrant. Yet that is not backed up by facts in any forum. Hence, in reading papers about the relations between Lukashenko and the EU, one must be wary of the bias of the authors. The issues that the authors are not bringing up either because they are too ignorant of the subtleties, or they are under pressure, are that first, Belarus is an economic and political success.Lukashenko enjoys wide popularity and has controlled the effect of both the breakup of the USSR and the current economic crisis. But Lukashenkos policies have been driven by state independence and the desire for a multi-polar world. This has led to threats from the west that has led further to the realignment of Belarussian politics towards anti-western centers throughout the world, including the crucial line of business of nuclear power (Kommersant, 2006). The wests policies in this respect have been failures.But it is also clear that the media is also a major power foundation the attacks on Lukashenko, often without the facts and research necessary to make sense out of the complex political situation of small states in a irrelevant environment. Obviously the media is misreporting the situation in Belarus. It seems to this writer that the real reason Belarus is a threat is that they are an economic successful nation outside of the combinatory structures of the west and its banks.Luskahenko has refused to permit his country to come under the control of the west, and has engage a strategy of international mateity, seeing all states as equal and as contributing to global justice. As a result he is vilified in the press, as some of the newspaper reports mentioned here show. History is in the making indeed, and it is being made by a handful of reporters and journalists in elite newspapers. References Barber, Tony. Belarus Fears Battle for Regional Influence. The Financial Times. May 2, 2009. Moscow Times. Lukashenko judge to Skip EUs Prague Summit.May 4, 2009 EU Business. European Parliament brain Calls for Democracy in Belarus. April 29, 2009. Radio Free Liberty. Belarussian President Will not Attend Prague Summit. April 30, 2009. Labareque, Paul. Belarussians Defend their Interests. Non Aligned Press Network. February, 15, 2005 Jo hnson, Matthew Raphael. Belarus A New Look. The American Journal for Russian and Slavic Studies, 2006. Kommersant. Lukashenko Speaks Chinese. May 24, 2006 World Bank. Belarus. 2009. (Cf www. worldbank. org/by) for all the statistical information on the Belarussian economy.

Public Meeting Paper Essay

The open contact I went to was at the metropolis manor hall chambers building located in downtown El Paso at two civic plaza plaza drive. It was a rule-governed city pressure group Council meeting where voting sessions were conducted. City Council members and mayors of El Paso do these meetings to resolve problems and improve their city through funding, spreading aw atomic number 18ness, and implementing laws. City Hall Council meetings are from Monday through F unlooseay 800am to 500pm. City Hall Council meetings put up and encourage public attendance and participation. The City Hall Council meeting I went to was Tuesday March 15th. It was three seconds long, plainly I attended the beginning(a) hour of the meeting from 830am to 930 am.At the beginning of the meeting there was a Spanish interpreter provided for Spanish speaking El Pasoans. There was as well a sign language interpreter provided for pot with special needs. Then there was a prayer thanking Gods grace for safety and prosperity and mentioning the devastating inbred disaster in Japan, and asking God to have mercy on Japan and nurse the U.S. from similar disasters. After that people were asked to stand in respect for the bargain of Allegiance which was read by City Council members. mayor Ann Morgan Lilly announced Mayors annunciations. First guest was Miss Shanaya Fastje Day who is an 11 yr old girl. She rung to kids near bullying and its impact and effect on kids. She talk abouted ways to prevent or at least reduce the cases of bullying. She too mentioned the ways on how kids should deal with bullying and who to reach to incase of such(prenominal)(prenominal) incidents. Mayors thanked her efforts especially Mayor Beto ORouke.Her father round active his lady friends efforts and asked the city of El Paso to assist and help her to rack up her power and efforts influential and effective. Mayor Pro Tempore Emma Acosta thanked her and asked to applause her. The second mayor proc lamation was Franklin Mountain Poppies Preservation Day. Jody spoke about it and asked people to attend a celebration in the Northeast area of El Paso. The celebration was afford to the public and is done every year near the Museum of Archaeology of El Paso. From what I understood its to preserve and breed poppies. Then a group kids identified as girl scouts but had no recognition. They greeted the City Council members as everyone does. The reason they came is in the hope to be inspired and to stupefy City Council members or mayors themselves one day. Kids identified themselves by saying their constitute and then were thanked and left.Mayors proclamations continued and the following was National capitulum Injury Awareness Month. This awareness month was March 2011 as pass by Mayor John Cook. The vocaliser was Nancy Peters who is the director of marketing for Mentis Neuro Rehab center for Brain Injury, and she is also the facilitator of El Paso Brain Injury Support Group. She spoke in general about brain injuries and mentioned statistics and the common ages for brain injuries which were kids from put up to four and from nine to fifteen. Then she allowed some of their patients to share their stories and testimonies. Most of the survivors stories were soldiers of gird Bliss and veterans of the Iraq war and one of them was a victim of a auto accident. They shared their stories and thanked Mentis for their efforts and help for them.Afterwards there was a call to the public where six members signed to talk. Their names are William Hart, Jerry Fade, Lisa Turner, Jorge Artalejo, Lynn Fitzgerald, and Manny Hinojosa. First was William Hart who spoke about anti immigration laws and how unjust they are. He compared anti immigration laws to slavery and segregation laws who were unjust, cruel, and inhumane. He also mentioned that being laws doesnt make them good, because there are unjust laws being supported by lobbyists who profit money to law makers in the get together States. He asked to get rid of such laws and to emphasize justice and compassion. He also mentioned that the United States is an immigrant commonwealth and that the founding fathers had values of freedom, equality, and justice.Also mentioned that most the immigrants come at a young age and know nonhing and love nothing but the United States. The next speaker Jerry Fade was absent, so the third speaker was called. The third speaker was Lisa Turner who spoke about rolling blackouts of electricity and weewee. She blamed El Paso Electric Company and PSP. She said that they failed to do their jobs and that there was no excuse not to operate in cold withstand as the generators and machines are made to operate in all climates. She complained about them not paying attention to their equipment and generators that are supposed to pump water and air to generate electricity. She questioned them spending enough money on alimentation and renewing their equipment and generators. Sh e also said that an Ice storm in overbold Mexico affects El Paso because of no generator capacity.The fourth speaker was Jorge Artalejo and his guinea pig was the pull of change blows through the desert of El Paso. He spoke about utilities are supposed to operate in different conditions. He also spoke about the city of El Paso elections. The fifth speaker was Lynn Fitzgerald and his topic was Frank Buckles buried in Arlington National Semetary. He complained about not having enough memorials in the United States to honor World War 1 veterans. He asked for a memorial in El Paso for all young-bearing(prenominal) soldiers who fought in The United States wars. He thanked all service men who fought for the United States and asked to honor them. Before he left he wanted to a share with everybody a picture that depicted the disastrous effect of the natural disaster in Japan.Final speaker was Manny Hinojosa and his topic was Transparency. He requested more transparency from the city of El Paso in matters such as money spending, electric company to be accountable, citys help for the elderly, and computers ships planted in trash cans and their cost and benefit. He also asked them to improve their web site to be ahead of newspapers on whats going on in El Paso. He also asked them to dissolver their emails, be clear or transparent, and to post issues or news on their web site as soon as possible.After the call to the public ended, there was the Consent Agenda where members of the audience can vote, and items that are not called are approved. Representative Robertson corrected things and asked questions. He also asked to take incorrect postings and postpone discussions. Introductions for voting sessions began with item numbers and codes about limited cases. Most of the motions passed unanimously, some of which were about city elections, construction, and health.This was my first City Hall public meeting and it was a new experience to me. I desire the fact that I ha d the chance to witness how governments operate even if it was on a small scale such as cities. I withdraw that the meeting was productive and positive and continued as expected without disturbances or shortcomings. The most important issue to be questioned during this meeting was about sceptical El Paso Electric Company reliability and professionalism. I was there for the first hour of the three hours meeting, which I think is enough time to discuss and get things done.

Understanding Job Analysis

net Exercise Understanding Job Analysis Week 3 human race Resources Management Professor Lawrence R. A. Prosper March 23, 2013 1. How easy was it to find the circumstantial occupation you were looking for, and how comprehensive was the information provided well-nigh that occupation? I was immediately impressed by the O*NET Resource warmheartedness after opening the website. The design was smart and the site was easy to sail despite the many choices available to explore. This is a great example of what a Government agency working with the business community and the actual workers from severally occupation can accomplish.A wealth of useful information is presented to the public at no cost in an easy to use format. I was pronto able to locate information that was specific to my chosen occupation. My current agate line title is Special sound objections coach-and-four which is a hybrid description. My primary duties atomic number 18 to initiate the acquisition of production m achinery and when needed, additional building space to stack away the equipment that is the endure Manager role. I alike ideate and participate in projects related to safety, facilities management and production flows which justifies the Special Projects designation.I selected Project Manager in my search and was directed to the page for Architectural & Engineering Managers which gave a shortened description of similar titles (Project Engineer, Project Engineering Manager), what these managers do, and what they would be expected to do on the job. The last item listed some on the job duties as to direct, review, or approve project design changes and to confer with management, production, or merchandise staff to discuss project specifications or procedures basically , my assigned duties.Following the involvement to Advanced Manufacturing, I was able to see examples of descriptive information about specific jobs. This page had a graphic of a sample calling Ladder/Lattice for Adv anced Manufacturing which was very similar to my actual life path. The job titles were a bit different but did show a familiar progression from helper, to operator, to production supervisor, to engineering/production manager. This was my path to my current position but I made it here without a college degree, a feat that would be impossible in this company today.I maneuvered to the Engineering Manager page and found more job specific information. A superb amount of detail was devoted to the Job Description and some reference point of the required education, workforce preparation, work experience, licensure/certifications, salary and the employment outlook for the near 10 years. The information for this occupation was easy to read and comprehensive. As person who is presently in this field I can say the duties and expectations presented argon realistic. For a person considering pursuing a c atomic number 18er in this plain a path can be established to achieve that end by using this resource as a guide.What did you think of the occupations O*NET suggested as matching your skills? Was the occupation you atomic number 18 in or preparing for among those listed? This exercise has confirmed that I have ended up in an occupation that suits my skill sets, abilities and personality. The non-scientific results earned on the Interest Profiler test were also quite representative of me as a person and the specific ara scores did indicate an affinity for my chosen field. My chosen occupation is Project Manager and this was among the affairs listed.I continue to prepare for this occupation by atcourseing college to love my degree despite having worked at my company for 29 years. A Project Manager works alone while being involved with arrange the work of many unconnected groups simultaneously. It can be a demanding profession and may not provide satisfaction to certain personalities. The skills detailed on the O*Net are well defined and can be interpreted as need ing one to be technically knowledgeable, have dependable people skills, and to be adaptable to changes in the scope of a project.Math skills are important in the product design and for producing the cost analyses and project justifications. I recently completed algebra and statistics which the job description notes as necessary. Character skills are described as needing attention to detail, integrity, adaptability, analytical thinking, dependability and stress tolerance. I match up well in those areas and at times tend to overdo the attention to detail. Problem solving skills are used to line up a problem and figure out the best way to work out it. This is a difficult skill to master and sometimes the logical firmness of purpose is not the best choice as a solution.Finally, there are project management software tools available and learning to use them benefits the project and the teams involved in the work progression. You can also contact them to narrate them your computer has died and you want to use the program on your new computer. They are the ones to reset the activation counts. Just explain what has happened. NP124865399 2. As an HR professional, how could O*NET be useful in conducting a job psychoanalysis? Explain specifically how you would use the data from this site to assist your organization. 3. As a director of human resources, would you have your staff use this site? Why or why not?

The Hospitality in the Odyssey

In the epic, by Homer, The Odyssey, hospitality is demonstrated at various points. It is neer re wholey genuine, scarce forced upon due to circumstance. throughout the entire epic Odysseus finds himself stranded on adult maley islands and is greeted by a being that either dwells or has conquer over the island, and at wiz point or another they bring out some form of hospitality. Kyklops, Aiolos, and Kirke have self-motivated reason for showing hospitality, to a greater extentover never the less they are hospitable. Kyklops, a one-eyed giant that consumes humans, showed very bittie hospitality.The only time that he was hospitable to Odysseus is when he was drunk, and asked Odysseus for more wine. In return for the wine, the Kyklops promised him a gift. The gift was that he would eat Odysseus last. Even though it does not seem same much of a gift, Kyklops felt like it was a bang-up honor. The only reason that Kyklops was sociable at each(prenominal) was because he desired the wine and Odysseus was the only one that could bring him the wine. The bring of kindness had absolutely no affaire to do with the idea of being kind, it was all to gain something greater in return.The Aiolia Island belonged to Aiolos Hippotades, the King of the wind. When Odysseus arrived he welcomed him with great hospitality, but make him stay for one month and tell him the story of his transit in great detail. Odysseus then requested that he be given(p) leave so that he could sail home. Aiolos Hippotades granted his leave, and upon Odysseus requests was allowed to replenish his supplies. Hippotades was super generous and added a bulls hide and bottled storm winds to guide his ship to Ithaca swiftly and safely.Hippotadoes actions not out of generosity, but rather Odysseus had brought him smarts from Troy and entrained him with a great journey from the world beyond his island. The wind king enjoyed much(prenominal) things because he did not have access to them, and he felt he had to be extremely hospitable to Odysseus in order to repay him for the great gift that he had brought, which he could not receive any where else. They made the departure, but the bottle was accidentally opened, and they were forced back to the island. Hippotades turned them absent telling them that the gods cursed their journey. The wind king was using Odysseus as a form of a newsletter.He had no other way of astute what was going on in the world. Once Odysseus was unable to give him what he wanted, his hospitality quickly faded. After exploring the island, and some of Odysseus hands were eaten by giants, his men came across Kirkes house. All of the men entered the house except one, Eurylochus, and Kirke turned them into pigs. Eurylochus returned to Odysseus and told him what had happened. enchantment Odysseus traveled to Kirkes house he was visited by Hermes who gave him an amulet and had him consume a flower that would make him resistive to her potion that turned men into pigs.Upon meeting Kirke she was so impressed with Odysseus because he was immune to her poison, that she assumed he was a man of the gods, and she invited him into her strike out. In return Odysseus made her swear that if he would go to bed with her that she would not be able to harm him. Kirke transformed the pigs back into men and kept Odysseus as her mate for one year. She was fixated on a more superficial way of thinking, Kirke was only hospitable to Odysseus because of the fact that he was immune to her potion and he was man of the gods.She was attempting to improve her status and how she felt about herself. Throughout the epic there are numerous acts of hospitality, but they all elicit from an alternative motive. During this time people did not have a schematic way of knowing about other lands, so they would use the new comers as newspapers in order to know whats going on. No one does anything for anyone out of the kindness of their heart. Perhaps there is no such thing as genuine acts of hospitality.

CHEM Lab

Another source of erroneousness is that possibly the ice and table salt did not get to a low enough temperature, but again I would think this would alter the results giving a higher temperature sort of of a lower one. rise-nigh liaison that would give too low a temperature is if the thermometer light bulb was directly on the test tube, and the temperature decreased because of the ice/salt multifariousness instead of the intoxicant/water commixture. This is what probably happened in my experiment. Another thing that would cause the temperature to be too low is contamination in the alcohol, modify more solute to the stem than expected. Using table salt and road salt, how would you spirit an experiment to determine which of these affected the boiling betoken of water the some? Which substance do you expect willing affect it the most and wherefore? Procedure Weight out 1 g of salt and adjust it in ml of water in a test tube. enjoin a thermometer in and put the test tu be over a Bunsen burner, recording the temperature till it boils. Assuming equal masses (1 g each) of salt, the table salt should affect it more because sodium is smaller than calcium and there would be more moles of table salt in g than there would be of road salt.Conclusion Freezing point depression occurs when a solute is dissolved in a solvent. The solute makes the frost point of the solvent decrease. How much the freezing point decreases depends on the immolate of the solute. The higher the immolate, the more the freezing point will decrease. The solute molecules interfere with the solvent freezing, and so the solution will have to get colder to freeze than the pure substance would. There was a large percent error in this experiment. There were a tote up of things the test tube and got too cold from the ice/salt mixture on the outside of the test be.Some other sources of error are metre the alcohol or the water incorrectly. The graduated cylinder is not rattling accurate wh en measuring small amounts such as 2 ml. Some of the alcohol could have evaporated during the experiment since it is so volatile. There could have been some contamination in the alcohol, such as other solutes, that would contribute to the decrease in freezing point. I used 91% spoilsport alcohol instead of 70%, and this may be a cause of error as well. The formula holds only for relatively small amounts of solute, and maybe the 91% was too much.This experiment did not turn out as well as I had hoped. Perhaps if there were a way to backing the thermometer off of the test tube itself so that it doesnt get so cold, that would be a better procedure. Perhaps if you could cork the test tube (if it were a large enough one to fit a cork in it) with a hole for the thermometer, then the cork would hold the thermometer in the solution instead of having it touch the sides of the test tube. No matter the numerical results of the experiment, I did learn a lot more about freezing point depression than I had known previously. That aspect of the experiment was successful.

Peace and Order

repose and ordeR is an occurrence of harmony characterized by the escape of violence, conflict behaviors and the freedom from fear of violence. Commonly understood as the absence seizure of hostility and retribution, tranquillity in addition suggest sincere attempts at reconciliation. sleep is usually the period in which at that place is now war or any other kind of hostilities. It refers to the second gear in life where raft enjoy freedom from chaos and disagreements which is marked by harmonious relationships mingled with plurality Dugan, M. (2003.The absence of war amid raft can alike be termed as peace. Peace also refers to a time when psyche is free from any kind of strife. In addition, peace refers to the apathy, serenity and tranquility that exist between tidy sum in a particular moment in their life. We can also talk of peace in a particular country when we refer to the time when the people living there abide by law and lay out. Peace usually has several at tributes. sensation of the attributes of peace is lack of war. For there to be peace, there should not be war or even any kind of hostility.Serenity, silence and stillness atomic number 18 also other attributes peace Portilla, J. (2004). Another attribute of peace is harmony that prevails between people who are peacefully living together. Peace is also characterized by adherence to law and order in a nightclub. The major focus of peace in a society is to remove war and hostility in that particular society. jibe to Rinehart, M. (1995), peace is also characterized by tranquility and concord in a particular society peace must be in agreement with one other for them to live in peace.Peace in the world reflects law and order and a state of the absence of war in that particular society. Peace is historically seen as the presence of law and order in the society. There are several approaches to bring about peace in a society. According to Christine D et al, (2008), different approache s are followed in the efforts to bring about peace. First, people have to ensure that they observe law and order to avoid causation conflicts that are the main cause of war.Countries can also embark on ensuring peace in the nation by providing job opportunities that allow people to live in harmony with one another. More so, governments can also employ people like the police to ensure law and order that contribute to peace. Peace helps in conflict resolution in the society. When people are in conflict, it means that there is no peace between them. When peace is ensured between people, conflicts are terminated. Therefore peace is very meaty in conflict resolution.

Prevention Of A Disease Health And Social Care Essay

The rate of flow definition of health is being sound in organic structure, wit or spirit ( Gordon, 1988 ) . It differs from the traditional definition which defined health as being free of disease . Hence both of these definitions accommodate the make out of an person s well being by pickings whole those step which stern maintain him free of the disease. The thought of economic consumption of nutriment and other preventative steps in disease is non a impudently one as Hippocrates ( 460 BC 377 BC ) said our nutrient should be our medical specialty. The same impression was supported by doubting Thomas Edison ( 1847-1931 ) the noted discoverer, when he said the physician of the hereafter will give no medical specialty, but will involvement her or his patients in the worry of the human frame, in a proper pabulum, and in the cause and forget of disease .The bar of a disease includes a figure of parts both at the degree of an angiotensin-converting enzyme and at the degree of community. It has evolved as an self-sustaining subdivision of medical specialty including many subjects such(prenominal)(prenominal) as anthropology, epidemiology, the assignment and survey of diseases hypertext transfer protocols //www.wisegeek.com/what-is-disease-prevention.htm. Harmonizing to figures preven shelve diseases/illness history for 80 % of the inviolate hindrance of un health and 90 % of the entire wellness aid be ( hypertext transfer protocol //preventdisease.com/prevention/prevention.html ) . Furthermore, they account for eight of the nine taking classs of death.A assorted factors lending towards disease bar be restricting throne and consumption of alcoholic, a healthy diet, effectual exercising, physical activity and cargo control, decrease of emphasis and regular showing and trials ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/cd-mc/healthy_living-vie_saine-eng.php ) . In instance of bar of sexual diseases, the steps will include fail-safe sex etc. ( Well, 2010 ) .As justly mentioned by Thomas Edison, an person s nutrient and diet suck in been recognized to hold a function in wellness and disease ( Branca et al, two hundred1 ) . Assorted dietetic factors toy influential function in most rough-cut and of import wellness issues. Harmonizing to WHO, the coronary pap disease, shot, malignant neoplastic diseases and diabetes mellitus are among the top 10 causes of decease in high-income states ( WHO, 2008 ) . The etiology of these diseases is multifactorial nevertheless, there is some workable for dietetic use ( Branca et al, 2001 ) . This is most applicable in instance of coronary titty diseases and shot where the dietetic factors play their portion by transmutation of argument lipoids and their leaning for oxidization. The inclusion of fish oils in diet change magnitude the opportunities of thrombosis ( Kromhout et al, 2001 ) . In instance of malignant neoplastic diseases, fats, fiber and anti-oxidant vitamins and minerals baffle been think to development of malignant neoplastic disease. Dietary factors account for 30 % of alone malignant neoplastic diseases in Western states succession 20 % of all told malignant neoplastic diseases in developing states ( WHO, 2010a ) .Another important factor that plays a outstanding function in disease bar is the smell style form. Physical activity and exercising are the most of import determiners of life manner form while other factors include peck and intoxi spatet etc. ( WHO, 2010a ) . These effects of diet and life manner forms have been wide recognized and this freighter be shown by the fact that the recommendations on diet and life manner are advised to diminish the post of bosom disease by CDC ( 2009 ) and WHO ( 2010b ) .Furthermore, early sense of some diseases such as cervical showing for cervical malignant neoplastic disease, mammograms for early sensing of chest malignant neoplastic disease, regular monitoring of choleste rin and blood force per unit area for bosom disease besides consecrate to disease bar.A survey ( Wannamethee et al, 1998 ) to place the consequence of sundry(a) hap factors associated with bosom diseases was carried out. It examined the combined consequence of assorted life manner patterns non precisely on the survival rates but besides 15 class endurance rates with a cardiovascular disease and diabetes free life. It was revealed that a 50 twelvemonth old adult male has an 89 % probability of lasting to 65 without developing coronary bosom disease, stroke or diabetes if he has neer smoked, is physically active and non fleshy. On the other manus, if he smokes, is inactive and really overweight he merely has a 42 % opportunity.It sewer be therefore inferred that the control of many of the preventable factors can hold a positive influence on dearly-won and crippling conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplastic disease, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseas es ( WHO, 2002 ) . With the addition in the people populating with the chronic conditions for old ages and old ages, these diseases are thought to hold a potency of going the most costly jobs faced by our wellness maintenance systems. Hence an effectual and productive bar and direction of these diseases has been identified as indispensable or otherwise chronic conditions pose a menace to all states from a wellness and economic refer of view ( WHO, 2002 ) .However, it was recognized that the health care systems do non do the best usage of their available resources to pull off the occasion of disease bar ( WHO, 2002 ) . This has besides been highlighted by others and it was advocated that wellness industry would be better named as illness industry due to its tendency on handling the symptoms of disease once it has been contacted instead than bar of the disease runing from common cold to cancerous conditions ( Pilzer, 2005 cited in hypertext transfer protocol //elib.kkf.hu/ok t_publ/szf_26_09.pdf ) . As a consequence of this, new industry has been developed which is the health industry which focuses on doing people stronger and healthier. All over the universe it is already a $ 200 billion concern with most of the gross coming from dietetic addendums while harmonizing to Pilzer ( 2005 cited in hypertext transfer protocol //elib.kkf.hu/okt_publ/szf_26_09.pdf ) another extra $ 1 cardinal of the economic system will be devoted to wellness merchandises and services.owe to the load of preventable disease and old deficiency of focal point on disease bar, in 2002 WHO recommended that every wellness trouble should include bar support course of instructions ( WHO, 2002 ) . This recommendation to the full supports Edison s statement and it can be said that his anticipation was right about the hereafter of medical specialty. If patients are consistently provided with all the information about the peril factors such as baccy, intoxicant, safe sex, healthy nutr ients and physical activity. Such information can cut down the long-run load and wellness attention demands dramatically. WHO advocated that in order to advance bar in wellness attention, there is a demand for raising consciousness and advance a alteration in thought of patients, households and wellness attention squads, communities and policy shapers. At firsthand wellness attention degree, a collaborative direction attack with patients, their households and wellness attention professionals is indispensable to effectively diminish the preventable diseases which contribute much to the load of disease ( WHO, 2002 ) . These weapons platformmes promote the entree to preventive wellness attention by the agencies of primary attention doctors.In US, this was achieved by integrating bar into primary wellness attention by managed attention organisations ( MCOs ) ( WHO, 2002 ) . These MCOs can work efficaciously as they have big, chiseled populations and have informations about wellness and wellness attention which let them to turn to the bar steps. Such a programme would hold been about impossible in a disconnected wellness attention bringing system ( Hall, 2005 ) .NHS has besides developed assorted wellness attention preventative programmes for different diseases such as coronary bosom disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and assorted malignant neoplastic diseases. For illustration NHS program includes join forcesing with other bureaus and develop, implement and proctor policies to cut down the hazard factors in the population. This is done by affecting the general practicians and primary attention squads in placing patients with established cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) and advice them to cut down hazard factors. They besides identify the people at hazard of CVD and offer them statewide advice ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/Browsable/DH_4902634 ) .Furthermore, testing prog rammes for chest malignant neoplastic disease and cervical showing are besides runing. Inoculations available for assorted diseases to susceptible persons besides contribute to these preventative programmes.In conformity with Thomas s statement, it is the physician or doctor which plays a cardinal function in emphasizing the preventative steps. However, due to continued disease a priori account patterns, doctors might be really sabotaging the preventative services ( Hall, 2005 ) . Assorted surveies suggest that there is a deficiency of physician engagement in preventative services and doctors perform 20 % to 60 % of the preventative activities that have been recommended. However, most of the doctors believe that patient instruction about preventative steps and hazard factors is the duty of doctors ( Hall, 2005 ) .In add-on to doctors function, there is a demand for stairss to be taken at community degree for disease bar. At the degree of community, different disease bar schemes ha ve been developed. These include stairss such as sanitising imbibing H2O, clean life conditions, widespread inoculation programmes. These programmes have proved effectual in communities on a wider graduated table while the physicians or doctors can still concentrate on single patient instruction ( http //www.wisegeek.com/what-is-disease-prevention.htm ) .In drumhead although preventable diseases contribute importantly to disease load nevertheless they can be prevented. Assorted schemes that can cut down these diseases include healthy diet, cut downing smoke and intoxicant, early sensing and increasing physical activity. Health attention systems can integrate effectual preventative programmes affecting patients, their households, doctors and other wellness attention suppliers.

Holden’s depression by J.D Salinger Essay

According to Psychiatric News the effect regularize of a normal 16 year old is 11.5%. Holden Caulfield was apart of that 11.5% because he is disconnected with his family, is drinking heavily and is trying to experience sexual traffic with senior women. In backstop in the Rye, J.D Salinger uses Holdens interactions with his family, alcohol and sexual urge to demonst lay his depression.This story describes that with Holdens brformer(a), Allie passing away it fastens his depression rate go higher only when lowers as he talks to him. I felt so get down, you cant even imagine. What I did, I started talk, sort of out loud to Allie,(98) said Holden. This shows that whenever Holden would feel down and depressed that the only person to go to was his brother, Allie. This was a way of comfort for Holden passim the story. at that place are more incidents when Holden felt depressed and just talked to his f all tolden brother, Allie, which is Salingers way to demonstrate his depression. Alcohol demonstrates Holdens depression also. There isnt any nightclub in the world you can cod in for a long time unless you can at to the lowest degree buy approximately liquor and get drunk of unless youre with some girl that really knocks you out, said Holden which describes that with the word use of at to the lowest degree buy some liquor and get drunk meant that for him to turn in a good time he would need to be drunk to have fun. Also, the words unless youre with some girl that really knocks you out explains that non just being drunk at a nightclub would make him enjoy himself but just having someone to talk to would also serve up to get rid of the loneliness. Being alone and needing someone to talk to, link up back to Holdens depression issues.Lastly, Holden is mostly saddened by his sexual relationships with older women. Holdens quote dont you feel like talking for a while(124) , lets the reader know that he is scared and doesnt really want to have sex with Sunny a nd just requisite someone to talk to. Holden wanted to keep the conversation going but could non because Sunny was a prostitute and was only there for the money, not for conversation. The words dont you feel like shows that Holden is just enquire questions, trying to prevent Sunny from doing her job or ignoring the real fountain she was there. This shows that Holden only asked Maurice to send up a girl for him so he would have someone to talk to since he could not talk to his mummy about his problems since she wasnt around. As a result, he tries to connect with other older women instead. Salinger uses Holdens attraction to older women to demonstrate the extent of his depression and need to have someone to give a listening ear.Catcher in the Rye demonstrates Holdens depression by J.D Salingers usage of his family, alcohol and sexuality. These quotes all show that his use of alcohol, sexual relationships and the lack of family all contributed to Holdens depression. His is one of the many teenage depression cases that make up the 11.5% of the nations depression rate.

Memorials

The Supreme beg may, in its discretion, grant special advance to appeal from all Judgment, decree, determination, sentence, or club in any birth or matter passed or made by any appealyard or tribunal . Art 136 confers a discretionary power on the Supreme Court to deputise in suitable ceases, such as, a breach of natural Justice by the tack appealed against or in exceptional ceases. The Supreme Court will intervene in if at that place has been a resultant failure of Justices or trespass of principles of natural Justices or without a graceful appreciation of material on record or the submissions made, interference under Art. 6 is warranted. The Supreme Court grant moderate to appeal in criminal matters when exceptional and special circumstances exist, straightforward and grave injustice has been done, and the case in question presents features of sufficient soberness to warrant a re vision of the determination appealed against or at that place has been a de billeture f rom levelheaded procedure such as vitiates the whole trial, or if the findings of fact were such as were shocking to the judicial conscience of the Court.It would interfere where advanced Courts mark results in gross miscarriage of Justices. That special bequeath petition against interim order maintainable. The Supreme Court exercise its jurisdiction under Art. 136 of the Constitution in respect of an interlocutory/interim order in especial circumstances to prevent manifest injustice or abuse of process of the Court 1 or where it is unsustainable on the typeface of it or where the interim order passed by the Division Bench of the High Court, on facts, is perverse in natures or unreasonable.Where the interim order was not made in equity, interference by the Supreme Court was called forl.That the reasons for the decision moldiness(prenominal)iness be given. A decision affecting the right of mickle without assigning any reason cannot be accepted as a procedure which is fair, Ju st and reasonable and hence violated of reasons may likewise be implied in the principles of natural Justice17. Absence of reasoning is impermissible in Judicial pronouncements.It is the reasoning alone, that can enable a higher or an appellate court to appreciate the controversy in issue in its correct perspective and to hold whether the reasoning recorded by the Court whose order is impugned, is sustainable in police force and whether it has adopted the correct legal approach. To sub-serve the purpose of Justice delivery system, therefore, it is essential that the Courts should record reasons for its conclusions, whether disposing of the case at admission stage or after regular hearing proper reasoning is the foundation of a Just and fair decision.Failure to give reasons amounts to defence reaction of Justices. When the reason of a law once ceases, the law itself generally ceases. That order passed in violation of natural Justice is void. The breaches of rules of natural Justic e must occupy the put up of producing void decisions. Any action in violation of principles of natural Justice is a nullity and is altar-fires and hence suffers from Jurisdictional error. Thus, an order which infringes an fundamental freedom passed in violation of audit alters parted is a nullity.That decision of sub-ordinate court is in violation of Doctrine of Proportionality. The punishment oblige has to be reasonable because of the constraints of Art. 14. This means that if the punishment imposed is unreasonable, Art. 14 is infringed. The court can thus decide upon the proportionality of the punishment when it is strikingly disproportionate. The penalisation imposed must be commensurate with the gravity of he misconduct, and that any penalty disproportionate to the gravity of the misconduct would be violated of Art. 14 of the Constitution.The freedom of speech is regarded as a species of which freedom of expression is a genus29 That a company can challenge the violation of its unfathomed Rights under Article 19 of the Constitution of India. The Supreme Court has say that the law with regard to a company challenging the violation of its radical Rights under Article 19 is in a nebulous severalise. The Court has gone on to say Thus apart from the law fundamental freedoms guaranteed by Art. 9, the rights of a shareholder and the company which the shareholders have form are rather co-extensive and the denial to one of the fundamental freedom would be denial to the other.That intention is necessary for the offence of opprobrium under sectionalisation 499 of Indian Penal Code. In order to attract the offence of defamation under Section 499 of I. P. C. Mess area is required I. E. The publication must be made with intention to ruin the reputation of a soulfulness against whom it was directed. The accused must have made the imputation with the intention of harming or with the association that it will harm the reputation of the person defamed. Therefore , the intention to cause harm is the most essential sine qua non of an offence under Section 49934.That a company cannot be held criminally liable for the offence of defamation. In view of Section 3(42), General Clauses Act, 1897 a company or association or body of individuals answers the definition of person. So, prima facie a company may be prosecuted for demotion. But, to invoke Section 499, the defamatory publication must be associated by delinquents intention to cause harm. But company cannot be said to have the Mess area of forming an intention to cause harm because a company, a rustic entity cannot have any mind.If there is anything in the definition or context of a particular section in the statute which will prevent the application of the section to a limit company, certainly a limited company cannot be proceeded against. Then again a limited company cannot generally be tried when Mess area is essentially. The company is a legal entity which can be prosecuted if it is guil ty of acts which make it guilty under the particular Criminal Statuette. So a company cannot be held to have committed an offence under Section 500, l. P. CO.That decision must be given after viewing publication as a whole. Publication must be Judged as a whole. The impact and effect of the imputations, if any, had to be considered in the background of the entire facts and circumstances stated therein. The whammy and the antidote ought to have been considered together. If in one part of the publication there is something disreputable but it is removed by the other parts and the conclusions, then the disreputable part alone cannot be taken out in the process of woof and choosing in order to venture a prosecution for defamation.

Examine The Advantages Of Unstructured Interviews In Sociological Research

In this essay I will be examining the returns of amorphous audiences unstructured interviews gain qualitative info, which is data which dejectionnot be analysed for patterns or trends. matchless advantage of unstructured interviews is it produces valid data valid data is data that is true to life, opinionated and backnot be analysed. This is an advantage because qualitative data is received, anti-positivists prefer qualitative data as it gives motives behind actions. However, valid data is not reliable as if you seize the interview you will not start the same results as human behaviour is unpredictable.Another advantage of unstructured interviews is it gives the investigator access to sensitive topics, for example domestic abuse. Its an advantage because anti-positivists labor access to emotions the participant is feeling and can build a plangency with them and they will therefore be more open. An example of this is Dobash and Dobashs study, in which they interviewed a wom an about her experience with domestic violence. However, the participant talk of the town about their sensitive information can cause emotional grief to either the participant or the researcher especially in the crusade of domestic violence.A third advantage is the fact that unstructured interviews the participant can be interviewed with their friends or family, which is known as a group interaction. This is an advantage because the participant will be more relaxed and at ease when tell the researchers questions. However, group interactions can lead to demand characteristics in which the participant behaves unnaturally and may even lie during the interview, therefore reducing the validity of the interview.A last-place advantage is that unstructured interviews can be flexible, in which the researcher has no set questions and as the interview progresses more questions are answered. This is an advantage because the interview will be unique and provides new data which hasnt been r eshaped by a hypothesis. However, its unreliable as you cant repeat the whole interview word for word when there are no set questions. To conclude, four advantages of unstructured interviews are theyre flexible, the participant can be interviewed with friends or family members, it allows access to sensitive topics and it produces valid data.

Alcohol Abuse Rehabilitation

Sojourners Rec all o truly and Becket Springs offer options such as Cognitive behavioural Therapy and pharmacological options that do increase the likelihood of remaining ascetic after(prenominal) treatment. Alternative methods of treatment at these centers, such as stylostixis, fuck off non been proven to be effective at promoting fasting, except may serve well to ease withdrawal symptoms. In improver to enrolling in a replenishment program at a licensed mental quickness, the somebody should seek forbidden support from his or her family members, as this will abet the somebody spot with the enormous stress of giving up inebriantic beverage. inebriant has a great and illustrious history in non Just American culture, but in some(prenominal) other world cultures as well. Its use in beverages is believed to have begun almost 10,000 historic period ago when civilizations in ancient Persia and the Middle due east produced a fermented drink from h unitaryy and wild yeas ts (An alcoholic beverage History Timeline, 2011). Wine, beer and spirits would eventually follow (in that hunting lodge), as numerous societies enjoyed the intoxicating effects of the drug.During the nineteenth century in the join States, the average American drank 7 gallons of unpolluted intoxicantic drink per year (What in Americas History, 2005). This rampant drinking led to easing movements and re players that pushed for local anaesthetic and national prohibition. conventions such as the Womens Christian Temperance jointure (WEST) would eventually merge with the Anti- Saloon League and form a fibrous coalition that elected officials to Congress and put pressure on the authorities to ratify Prohibition (What in Americas History, 2005).The National Prohibition Act was afterwards enacted in 1920, taboolawing the manucircumstanceure, sale, or transportation of alcohol. The Act was repealed 13 years posterior in 1933, but the message was clear the effects of alcohol wer e seen by many as ungenerous and destructive, and these effects needed to be addressed. Today, the bothers of alcohol abuse and alcoholism have become almost epidemic in American society, as recent studies have asserted that 53% of adults in the U. S. Have reported that one or more of their close relatives has a serious problem with drinking (Alcohol Stats, 2013).Each year in the join States alone, nearly 50,000 cases of alcohol overdose be reported, and in 2009, over 30 million battalion stated they had driven under the influence of alcohol at least once in the previous year (Alcohol Stats, 2013). In 2007, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported over 14,000 alcoholic liver disease deaths and over 23,000 alcohol-induced deaths (not counting accidents and murders) (Alcohol Stats, 2013). The CDC to a fault reported that in 2006, excessive alcohol consumption cost the United States economy $223. Billion (Excessive Drinking, 2014). In an effort to combat the dan gers of alcohol abuse and alcoholism, numerous in- enduring and out- enduring treatment centers ar in stock(predicate) to those that are seeking succor for their affliction. This paper takes a look at quaternion of these treatment options in the swanr Cincinnati area. These options include Alcoholics anon., Sojourner Recovery Services in Hamilton, OH, Delbert signboard in Cincinnati, OH, and Becket Springs in West Chester, OH.The model of treatment that each facility or program employs will be examined, as well as success rate and recidivism. Additionally, this report will look at the strength of various models of alcohol treatment and how successful they are for the forbearing. Ultimately, it will total advice as to the optimal treatment strategy one should choose when try to overcome ones addiction to alcohol. Treatment Review One of the most green and well-kn experience methods of alcohol treatment in the United States is the group-oriented, outpatient design of Alcoh olics Anonymous (abdominal aortic aneurysm).At its core, abdominal aortic aneurysm is a 12-step program that utilizes anonymous group skirmishs to help help the overarching goal of abstemiousness for each of its members (Alcoholics Anonymous 12 Steps, 2010). The 12 go are divided into four phases admitting one has an addiction and needs to desist submission of the alcoholics will to the power of God or a higher(prenominal) Authority making amends to those the individual has armed or wronged in the historic and spreading the message of abdominal aortic aneurysm and its 12 steps to others (Alcoholics Anonymous 12 Steps, 2010).By on the job(p) the steps and alludeing the meetings, the individual is purportedly given over a plan and support group to help him or her resist the rede to drink alcohol. According to Lee Ann Gaskets, Drop, of University of California-Berkeley, there is controversy on the enquiry into the capability of AAA. Therefore, she provides a focused review of the literature on AAA effectiveness (Gaskets, 2009). Using half-dozen criteria to establish a causal necktie between AAA ND self-restraint, Swastikas states that there is some inference that AAA is an effective course of treatment for someone seeking to quit drinking.She writes, rank of abstinence are about twice as high among those who attend AAA, and higher levels of attending are related to higher rates of abstinence (Swastikas, 2009). Still, she ultimately concedes that more exhaustive research needs to be effected before judging the effectiveness of AAA. In a set out condition entitled Exposing the Myth of Alcoholics Anonymous, freelance technical writer and attendee of hundreds of AAA tenting, Stephen Mohr rejects the notion that AAA is an effective mode of treatment for alcoholics.He writes, The truth is that the available narrate strongly suggests that AAA treatment provides very little or no foresightful-term help for active alcoholics. Further, there is ample e vidence that long-term repeated exposure to this program is actually dangerous to many alcoholics who would fare bankrupt if left on their own (Mohr, 2009). Mohr cites Ass own statistics when establishing the ineffectiveness of AAA, writing, in 1989 AAA reported that, on average, after six months 3 percent of new attendees had left the program and that after one year only 5 to 7 percent remained (Mohr, 2009).Perhaps more damning, Mohr recounts the findings of Harvard headhunter Dry. George Valiant. Beginning in 1983 and then both year for eight years afterward, Dry. Valiant followed up on ascorbic acid alcoholic subjects admitted to a clinic in Cambridge, MA, and who were subsequently enrolled in Alcoholics Anonymous. He embed that only 5 of the 100 subjects never relapsed back into alcoholic drinking, which was a rate no better than if they had been left to attempt abstinence on their own (Mohr, 2009).Worse yet, he found that three subjects a year died from their drinking hab its, despite being enrolled in the 12-step program (Mohr, 2009). And while these findings were from the asses, the fact that AAA has not changed its approach and/or treatment methods in the 80+ years of its existence indicates that they are electrostatic pertinent to today. Moreover, these data suggest that AAA is not only ineffective, but the fact that it is so widely regarded as the premier source of alcohol treatment vetos patients from pursuing more useful modes of treatment ones that could authorisationly celebrate the alcoholics life.The Becket Springs rehabilitation facility in West Chester, OH, is one of the alternatives to AAA that an individual suffering from alcoholism may consider. Becket Springs offers both in- patient and outpatient services to help meet the needs of the patient. The in-patient programs goal is to teach the individual the tools of recovery and relapse cake so that he or she can create a life worthy living (Patient Handbook, 2). When the patient is first admitted, he or she is appraiseed to develop an individual treatment plan. The assessment team and the patient will formulate a set of goals to Ochs on during treatment.The assessment team itself is comprised of a psychiatrist, psychologist, staff nurse, patient care assistant, recreational healer and social therapist all working together to facilitate the recovery of the patient. Individual treatment includes detoxification (if necessary), medical prescriptions pen by a psychiatrist, psychological evaluations with the psychologist, group therapy through games, crafts, leisure education, originative expression and relaxation training, and individual and family therapy provided by a licensed therapist or social worker (Patient Handbook, 2).Becket Springs encourages communication between the patient and family end-to-end treatment, and designates a daily sentence period for phone calls in summing up to a visitation schedule that allows two hour-long visits per week an d a family meal during the weekend. Along these same lines, Sojourner Recovery Services, located in Hamilton, OH, is a non-profit scheme that provides in-patient and outpatient substance abuse treatment for those addicted and their families.Sojourners assessment service is a thorough evaluation conducted during a face-to-face session in order to determine the extent of addiction and optimal recovery strategy. The staff at Sojourner takes a holistic approach toward treatment, and offers a diverse array of programs, including one-on-one counseling, lectures, group therapy, family sessions and discussion groups. The aforementioned staff consists of experienced counselors, professionals and volunteers many of whom are recovering from addiction themselves that genuinely care about each and every persons success (Sojourner Recovery, 2012).Therapy models of recovery include motivational enhancement to encourage the patient to become receptive to the healing process seeking safety to improve grapple skills seven challenges for adolescents seeking recovery stages of change which helps patients progress through the five stages of recovery cognitive-behavioral, which utilizes the belief that ones thoughts cause ones feelings and behaviors, rather than external people or factors and acupuncture to help alleviate symptoms and stresses associated with alcohol or drug withdrawal (Sojourner Recovery, 2012).The duration of stay for the in-patient program varies according to the needs of the patient, giving the person as much or as little time as he or she needs. The Delbert business firm in Cincinnati, OH has a few contrastive branches across the city. The Delbert House located in Clifton, OH, is a non-profit organization focused on intensive inpatient treatment of homeless men relations with substance abuse namely, alcohol abuse.According to general manager Chris Weanling, this branch of the Delbert House is a shelter-plus-care operation, which attempts to rid pati ents of their addictions while destiny to reintegrate the individuals as mathematical process units of society (C. Weanling, ain communication, July 21, 2014). They are encouraged to actively seek out employment and permanent residency. The Delbert House models of treatment include self-help classes, group concussions, one-on-one counseling, AAA meetings, and AN meetings (C. Weanling, personal communication, July 21, 2014).A typical day in the life of a patient starts with a 730 a. M. Wake-up call followed with breakfast at 8 a. M. The rest of the morning consists of life-skills classes and chemical dependency education courses. At noon, the patients have lunch, and then attend their various therapy sessions (group and/or individual) in the afternoon. dinner party is served at 500 p. M. , and then the patients have some free time before they are required to attend an AAA or AN meeting (C. Weanling, personal communication, July 21, 2014).The Delbert House does not allow patients t o use alcohol or any illicit drugs while they are enrolled, and thus each patient is subjected to a random, periodic urinalysis and/or breath-analysis seek. In any given month, five or six patients out of 60 will test positive, with the incidences of positive tests fluctuating from season to season and spiking around a holiday(C. Weanling, personal communication, July 21, 2014). The operation is largely state- funded, with tax dollars making it possible for the Delbert House to help the lives of the men it houses (C. Weanling, personal communication, July 21, 2014).Given all the models of alcohol treatment (AAA, group therapy, cognitive behavioral, motivational enhancement, acupuncture, etc. ), Just how effective are they at promoting abstinence within the alcohol abuser? As discussed above, the effectiveness of AAA seems dubious at best, and downright dangerous at worst. This is very unfortunate considering the fact that almost all court-appointed rehabilitation for alcohol offen ders in Hamilton County involves AAA or an equivalent 12-step program (Treatment Options, 2009). On the other hand, research on continuous outpatient group therapy seems to indicate its effectiveness.In J. Kim, et al. s word, The lastingness of Continuous Group Therapy for Outpatients with Alcohol Dependence, he states that 3, 6 and 12 month abstinence rates of 94 cognitive group therapy subjects were 56. 4%, 30. 6%, and 16. 9%, one by one (Kim et al. , 2011). The same abstinence rates for 83 subjects in a standard outpatient therapy group were 28. 6%, 11 . 7% and 5. 2%, respectively (Kim et al. , 2011). He thus concludes that continuous group therapy for outpatients is a practical and effective direction of achieving abstinence.Inpatient group cognitive behavioral therapy (CAB), though, is a little murkier. In their article, The Effectiveness of an Inpatient Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Alcohol Dependence, newsworthiness and Owe evaluated the effectiveness of attendance at an in-patient CAB program aimed at treating alcohol abuse. The study included 37 males and 34 females that attended 42 CAB sessions in three weeks, with News and Owe gathering evidence on one and three-month follow- ups regarding the drinking habits of the subjects.The study data indicated that greater attendance at CAB sessions for inpatients did not result in greater abstinence rates, nor did it correlate with a reduction in the quantity of alcohol consumed from he levels of pre-treatment (News & Owe, 2005). Thus, while patients that attended CAB sessions did seem to stand an improved take chances of abstinence, News and Owe concluded this study was unable to provide ample support for the effectiveness of group CAB and cognitive models on problem drinking (News and Owe, 2005).Another strategy for alcohol recovery is that of acupuncture. Acupuncture is a form of complementary and alternative medicine that uses the penetration of thin needles into specific occupants along the skin of the body (Acupuncture 2014). Choc and Hang reviewed the efficacy of this approach in their article, Acupuncture for Alcohol Dependence A Systematic Review. After consistently searching nineteen electronic databases for randomized controlled trials, they found eleven studies that voluminous 1,110 cases.Though they conclude the results were equivocal and that more research and well-designed, rigorous and large clinical trials are necessary, the data they did discover suggest that there is no balance between acupuncture treatment and sham treatments (Choc and Hang, 2009). In a separate study by Karts, Passive, Frederica, Wises and Schneider, thirty-four alcoholics were treated tit acupuncture to assess its effect on withdrawal symptoms.The study was able to conclude that acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment to carbonized medication shows promise for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms (Karts, Passive, Frederica, Wises, & Schneider, 2002). Thus, while ac upuncture may not be assistive for an individual hoping to obtain abstinence, it does look to be promising in helping to relieve some of the anguish of going through withdrawal. In addition to models of therapy, most treatment centers also offer medications to help the patient on their road to recovery. Daniel E.Jonas, M. D. , M. P. H. , of University of North Carolina, et al. , completed a recent study that analyse more than 120 different studies as to the effectiveness of various pharmacological pills on the alcoholic, and found that comparative and oral maltreatment showed the greatest potential for decreasing alcohol ingestion Moons et al. , 2014). Dissimilar, an oral medication available since the asses, did not show adequate evidence to support the notion that it can prevent relapse drinking or improve drinking level outcomes Moons et al. 2014). The article goes on to state that the four most effective medications are commemorates, maltreatment, decry and maleness, but caut ions that patients should share in the decision-making process with the physician, and medication should be taken in conjunction with other modalities of treatment Moons et al. , 2014). Conclusion Judging by national recovery data, it can require a nearly potent effort for an alcoholic to successfully abstain from alcohol for a long period of time (years).The national average for alcoholics that try to remain abstinent for one year without outside help is around 5% (Alcohol Stats, 2013). Even Alcoholics Anonymous, by its own admission, has a 93% turnover rate in one year. With this in mind, its important for anybody that is trying to quit to not try to do so alone. The individual should attempt to enroll in either an inpatient or outpatient program at a local recovery facility. In the Cincinnati area, this could include Sojourner Recovery Services in Hamilton, OH, or Becket Springs in West Chester, OH.Both offer a variety of programs to foster an inbuilt change within the individu al, and employs a multitude of treatment models and pharmacological back up that can be blended together for an optimal individual recovery plan. Perhaps most importantly, the person that is trying o recover should actively seek the help from his or her immediate family, if possible. Abstinence from alcohol is very difficult to achieve for an alcoholic, and a strong support system from people close to the affected individual will go a long way to facilitating a successful and long-lasting recovery.