Essay on The Impact of Cell Phone Usage on Our Social Life

There are more cell phones than residents in Britain (computerweekly.com, 2007). The first cell phone was invented by Dr. Martin Cooper and John F Mitchell in 1973 (Wikipedia.com, 2014). Cell phone use has escalated over the years. Not only does cell phone usage affect the character traits of a person and their ability to hold regular, face to face conversations, it also affects a person’s ability to have healthy, stable relationships. Cell phones have changed from an item of luxury to an everyday necessity for some people. Twenty five years ago, a phone was just a way to contact someone. Mobile phones have become one of the most common tools of communications for both young and old. Cellular devices have redefined relationships and†¦show more content†¦The rate of instances where someone is injured from texting while walking may be even greater than accidents from texting while driving (Griggs, 2014). Brandon Griggs of CNN.com confirms that in 2010, more than 1,500 pedestrians were taken to the emergency room for injuries related to texting while walking (Griggs, 2014). Azriela Jafe from Family First Mishpacha Magazine states that two thirds of these individuals who are affected are twenty-five years old or younger (Jafe, 2013). The use of cell phones has shot up therefore affecting our social lives. Cell phones have influenced our social lives so much to the extent that people have an issue with talking face to face with other people. People are so used to talking on the phone and texting, that when it comes to talking in person they are at a loss. Texting is becoming the new face to face communication. People are becoming less and less comfortable with talking in person or even on the phone. When was the last time you spoke to someone while you were in an elevator, waiting on line at your local supermarket, or even while waiting at the doctor’s office with your child? Most people will take out their phone and start texting, playing gamers, or pretending to be busy to fill the time. This is an escape route in case a stranger starts up a conversation. Before cell phones, people were forced to talk to each other when in such situations. Now aShow MoreRelatedCell Phones: Does Using Cell Phones Make People More or Less Connected?1281 Words   |  6 PagesCell phones: Does u sing cell phones make people more or less connected? Article 1 About writer: Helen Lee Lin in 2012. He did Ph.D in the department of Psychology for University of Houston and now he is working as a writer and freelancer in Ankara, Turkey. His basics interest in writing are in the fields of language, marketing, human relationship and media effects. Link to the Article: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-your-cell-phone-hurts-your-relationships/ Summary In theRead MoreCell Phone Use And Cell Phones Essay843 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever witnessed disruptive cell phones usage in public? When is it acceptable, to use cell phones in public? Americans today have adapted the addiction of cell phone technology, the device accommodates more than just text or talking.Cell phone use is a problem in America and in our own homes. The existence of cell phones have changed the communication skills of many round the world. I believe the wave has sailed right along with rude public cell phone behavior.. B.(Thesis Statement)Read MoreIncreasing Usage Of Cell Phones1174 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Smart phone allows us to communicate with the people who we wish to stay connected with. Nowadays due to the over usage of cell phones we often find ourselves wasting too much time on it, obesity growing in teenagers, distant relationships with people etc. after researching we found that the increasing usage of cell phone has a great effect on students studying in high schools or collages such as their behavior, dropping grades etc. Concerns about dependency on mobile phones corresponded toRead More Tech Effect Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pageshas increased rapidly and is influencing our society by the way they think, the way they work, and by the way they interact socially. Over time new inventions come and go; however, the invention of technology is here to stay. Initially, the use of cell phones has inflated over time. There are now estimated to be eight times as many mobile phones as fixed lines, three times as many mobile phones as personal computers, and nearly twice as many mobile phones as TV sets, (Niki Denison, Para 3). PeopleRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Society Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world resemble in the event that we didn t have any cell phones? Why is it that we get out of our comfort zone when we do not have access to our phones? Nowadays, cell phones have such a noteworthy effect on our day to day lives, and we owe it to the advancement of technology. In this research paper, we will take a closer look at this phenomenon by examining the evolution of cell phone devices, and it’s effects on society. Cell phones, as we know them haven’t been around for that long. The quickRead MoreThe Effects Of Cell Phones On Society s Obsession Without Devices837 Words   |  4 PagesRecent studies suggest that cell phones have evolved into something more than a simple communication tool, gaining its own place in various aspects of social interaction. For instance, a qualitative study on Australian adolescents revealed that cell phones play an integral part in the lives of young Australians (Walsh, White, Ross, 2008). Some of the participants in the study reported very strong attachment to their cell phones; they felt as though their cell phones were part of them. Mozes introducedRead MorePersuasive Essay On Technology Addiction1567 Words   |  7 PagesThe instant a person s phone goes off, their reflex is to immediately grab it, right? This is because they are addicted to their cell phone and it has become natural to check it when they receive a notification; It has become an addiction. Many times, while people are eating dinner, their cell phones lie on the table next to them, or they have them sitting in their laps. What makes this issue even worse is the fact that restaurants also have tablets on the table with games and different featuresRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives987 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology is all around us, the clothes we wear, the homes we live in, and the way we get our food and water, are all due to technology. From the time we come into this world till the time we leave, technology is part of who we are and what we do, yet we take for granted the inventions that make our lives a little more comfortable , happier, and a little less lonely. Through technology time and space seem to diminish; creating a connection between people that otherwise would not have existed. OnceRead MoreSOC 100 Week 5 Assignment Technology and Social Change Essay examples1152 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Technology and Social Change Keith D. Howard SOC/100 June 1, 2015 Instructor: Christa Raines Technology and Social Change Introduction This report will examine how changes in technology are affected by society, in turn, how the society that produced this technology is impacted by this creation. The paper will specifically address the impact of personal computers, cell phones, and the internet on society, and how these technological advancements relate to the three major sociological perspectives;Read MoreUse Of Verbal Rhetoric On The Mobile World1435 Words   |  6 Pages Being immersed in our mobile world can cause us to be greedy and unconcerned with how our actions affect others. â€Å"A recent study conducted by the University of Maryland has linked selfish behavior and cell phone usage†( Mcentegart). Society has become more and more detached. We don’t feel the need to interact with one another in our day to day life. This is because our need for attention and conversation is being fulfilled by our mobile addiction This generation has become so involved with the technological

Essay on The Occupy Movement - 1115 Words

â€Å"No one ever seizes power with the intention of relinquishing it. Power is not a means, it is an end. One does not establish a dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish the dictatorship. The object of persecution is persecution. The object of torture is torture. The object of power is power.† George Orwell Occupy Wall Street (OWS) is a protest movement which began September 17, 2011 in Zuccotti Park, located in New York Citys Wall Street financial district, which was initiated by the Canadian activist group Adbusters. The protests are against social and economic inequality, high unemployment, greed, as well as corruption, and the undue influence of corporations—particularly from the†¦show more content†¦This amendment prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, hindering the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, interfering with the right to peaceably assemble or prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances. Originally, the First Amendment applied only to laws enacted by Congress. However, the Supreme Court ruled that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment applies the First Amendment to each state, including any local government. The Occupy Wall Street protests are hitting a nerve. A dearth of jobs, overwhelming student loans and soaring health-care costs are just three major issues protesters have targeted. And regardless of politics, economic data suggests theyre not alone in their frustrations. It may be why the protests have spread to other cities - including Boston, Cincinnati, Seattle and Washington, D.C. - after taking root in downtown New York. As tensions rose between protestors and police around the country, several eruptions of violence occurred. One of the most prominent took place at Occupy Oakland on October 25, 2011, when protestor Scott Olsen was struck in the head by a police-fired canister. The former marine was left with significant head injuries and was placed in critical care. Another famous incident occurred when a retired teacher, Dorli Rainey, was pepperShow MoreRelated A Call To Occupy Movement Essay1340 Words   |  6 Pages The Occupy Movement has inspired a domino-like effect the world over, starting rebellions from the Americas to Asia. The universal vision of the movement is its aim to get the 99% to overthrow the rules decided and regulated by the rich, the powerful and the one percent for the greater benefit of the one percent. According to the anonymous writers of the official Occupy Movement page, â€Å"to occupy is to embody the spirit of liberation that we wish to manifest in our society. It is to exercise ourRead MoreOccupy Wall Street Movement1039 Words   |  5 PagesOccupy Wall Street Movement Moral and Ethical Implications Occupy Wall Street Movement Moral and Ethical Implications The Occupy Wall Street Movement that started in September 2011 in Liberty Square in the Finical District was movement organized by people to expose corruptions in cooperate America. The Occupy Wall Street Movement was known, as the peaceful protest due to it’s non-violent, non-aggressive nature and spread to over a one hundred and fifty cities crossRead MoreThe Occupy Wall Street Movement1625 Words   |  7 PagesStarted on September 17, 2011, the Occupy Wall Street Movement began in the Financial District of New York City and has received resonance in other American cities as well as to 82 other countries. Concentrating on how the current economic system has affected peoples’ lives, the movement raised issues about the lack in democracy of the financial system, social and economic inequality, and the connection between financial and political power. The income inequality between the rich and the poor wasRead MoreOccupy Wall Street Movement1612 Words   |  7 P agesOccupy Wall Street Movement Business Ethics 309 Discuss the moral and economic implications involved in the movement. September 17, 2011 is the day the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) movement began in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City. The main issues include social and economic inequality, greed, corruption and the undue influence of corporations on government according to The New York Times. The mix of moral foundations based on ideas from the anthropologist Richard Shweder, outline sixRead MoreThe Occupy Wall Street Movement1982 Words   |  8 PagesThe Occupy Movement is an international activist movement that fosters social and economic change and originated from the actions of the Occupy Wall Street movement (source #7). The focus is on the Occupy Wall Street movement that was launched on September 17th 2011 and was catalysed by Adbusters activist Micah White. White created a web page about the corruption that was happening surrounding the financial crisis in the United States leading to the most recent recession. Large corporations basedRead MoreEssay on Occupy Wall Street Movement928 Words   |  4 PagesThe Occupy Wall Street Movement that began in New York Sept. 17 and has since spread like wildfire across the world has made an undeniable impact on the social and political climate of the Upper Midwest. | With various Occupy protest committees continuing to spring up across Minnesota and North Dakota, many working people in the region who, previously, might not have come together on other political issues say they have found common ground in the Occupy Movement. Union, non-union, white collarRead MoreThe Occupy Wall Street Movement Essay1049 Words   |  5 Pages Occupy Wall Street has been called many things including: unfocused, ungrounded, and silly. Others coin it as â€Å"America’s first internet-era movement† (Rushkoff). In quintessence, Occupy Wall Street is a series of protests and demonstrations that oppose the influence that corporate greed has on American Democracy. The protestors manipulate marches and nonviolent demonstrations to express their dissatisfaction with the state of American Politics and economy. This relates to the political scienceRead More Occupy Wall Street Movement Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesOccupy Wall Street Movement If heavy student loan debt , soaring tuition fee, climbing taxes, plummeting financial aid, nose-diving employment opportunities, exacerbating inequality between common people and wealthy class, are some of the issues that infuriate you and lead you to blame government’s generous bailing out failed banks and other financial institutions then you cannot not know about Occupy Wall Street(OWS) movement. List all information you know about your subject Occupy Wall StreetRead MoreThe Occupy Wall Street Movement and Ensuing Controversy Essay2019 Words   |  9 PagesNew York which is Wall Street’s financial district under the banner â€Å"Occupy Wall Street†: these three simple words are causing an uproar in America (Engler). Additionally, these three words happen to be protesting the current status of America’s financial condition. With the economy in America being as terrible as it is, and the unemployment rate skyrocketing, it is absolutely necessary for some sort of change to occur. The Occupy Wall Street protesting is most positively a progressive step for theRead MoreEssay about Occupy Wall Street Movement1817 Words   |  8 PagesRunning head: OCCUPY WALL STREET Assignment #1 Occupy Wall Street Movement Brenda Bryant Dr. Obi. Iwuanyanwu BUS309 Business Ethics October 5, 2012 Discuss the moral and economic implications involved in the movement. The Occupy movement was a protest that gathered local organizers, students, and activists in response to the economic disparity of countries around the world. The protest gained momentum after a continuous series of protests took place in Zuccotti Park in New York Citys

Impact Of Technology On Our Lives Today - 1313 Words

The impact technology has on our lives today is unmeasurable. We use technology nowadays for just about everything we do. Technology plays a major role in society as well nowadays. Everybody, including the adults have use technology to get to point to point B. Technology in this generation is more advanced than it has been before. It has been proven that the world we live in today is nowhere near what our forefathers endured. Modern technology is the forefront for advanced research and the sciences that helps us utilize the essential skills for everyday life. Most teachers in schools really don’t understand or has caught up with the advanced technology in the schools. Some teachers still believe or use some of the old ways to teach but†¦show more content†¦Once we have the staff on board, then it would be wise to introduce the technologies to the learners. Because we all know that funding is more than limited we can at least have those technologies in each classroom so that each student can at least have some type of familiarity with the information. Lastly, we would hopefully move to having some type of lab where each student could have individual access to technology. Along with these sequences, we would offer other materials such as textbooks, websites, and presentations for the students. Teachers uses technology to educate their students in many various ways. Three ways I personally know about are google classroom, Think through Math and My Perspectives. These are all teacher empowering technologies used on mobile apps that grade written student work and provide lessons plans. Teachers can easily incorporate technology directly into their practice and insulate their students from different effects in the classroom setting. Engaging in education reform that has a full impact on students are great opportunities for teachers to figure out how to implement the curriculum and instruct students with different learning levels. Using educational technologies that are inexpensive, easy to use and improve each and every student learning. One of the technologies â€Å"google classroom† is becoming one of the most powerful tools in education technology. Google classroom excelsin using solutions for broad expansionsShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Modern Technology On Us And Our Society Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of the Modern Technology on us and our society. Today it is hard to imagine what our lives would look like without the technology that surrounds us, it is even harder to imagine what our lives would be with the technological advancements that begun to take shape during the industrial revolution that, begun in England during the 18th century. The industrial revolution brought on many changes into humans everyday lives, allowing us as mankind to increasingly become smarter, faster andRead MoreThe Impact of Technology on Family Time1623 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: the impact of technology on family time Do you think technology has changed the way of communication? Is technology slowly taking over people live and affecting their personal relationship? Have we become addicted to the technology that surrounds us everyday and it has sucked us into it? Technology is a use of scientific knowledge for improving the way to do things. It has been playing an important role in our life. It is common today, many developed countries are using high technology to runRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesinnovations are coming along each and everyday. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry (Oxford). There is no denying that the impact of technology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be with out it, older people may say it has r uined the lives of youth. In my opinion it has made us smarterRead MoreU.S. Education Today Tomorrow1325 Words   |  6 Pages Education Today Tomorrow This paper reviews four important trends in our educational system today across America and discusses the impact of these trends on our future educational system. We live in an ever evolving world with constant changes that are affecting every aspect of our lives daily. Our educational system has not been immune to these changes and shouldn’t be since these changes and our ability to adapt to these changes will determine our future academic success and our place in aRead MorePersuasive Essay About Technology1164 Words   |  5 Pages2017 Technology Technology has grown tremendously over the years. The word technology does not allude to any huge innovation that you would find in motion pictures or T.V appears, however ones you find in your everyday life. For instance, consider cell phones, the Internet, portable workstations and so forth. These are things that are difficult to envision without in our day by day life. At the end of the day, just in twenty years, things in the rundown above have totally liquefied into our dayRead MoreDoes Technology Affect Our Way Of Life?1576 Words   |  7 Pagesto ask is how does technology (most importantly ICT) influence our way of life*? In recent decades, mankind has experienced major changes in telecommunications technology, therefore changing how people behave within their environment. When it comes to lifestyle and our cultures, technological development and the products that resulted from them had in the past the primary function of making survival easier. But, in the modern world the re seems to be a shift from using technology for survival to usingRead MoreEssay on History of Chemistry through the Ages794 Words   |  4 PagesThe history of chemistry dates back to the time of ancient history to now. Ancient civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry by 1000 BC. For example, they were extracting chemicals from plants to make medicines. The history of chemistry is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics. Chemistry is very important to our world today. Without it, we wouldn’t be near as advanced as we are. Let’s take scientists for example. The scientistsRead MoreCars and Advanced Technology Essay791 Words   |  4 Pages Our society today has a dependency on advancing technology to improve our way of life as well as the lives of other individuals. Some of us are enamored with the advancement of vehicular technology as well as the way automobiles are used in order to impact our way to get to work, school or to vacate. As the advancement of vehicular technology improves, so does the need of providing safer and more efficient vehicles for transportation. The purpose of automobiles today is to do such things asRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Society Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagesinnovations are coming along each and everyday. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry. There is no denying that the impact of technology in the world today is huge, now technology has made it to the palm of our hands with the iPhone and continuing to expand. My generation has grown up on technology so I can’t imagine how my life would be with out it, older people may say it has ruined the lives of youth. In my opinion it has made us smarterRead MoreGlobalization And Globalization1512 Words   |  7 Pagesintegration and interdependence of people and countries around the world.† $ It has generally had more of an impact on developed nations than on developing nations. Nowhere is this concept more obvious than with new technology. New technology is transforming how we live our lives regardless of where in the world we find ourselves. Technology impacts us on a daily basis in almost all aspects of our day to day activities, whether it be driving or riding public transportation, using the internet to look

Traditional Media, Social Media And Stakeholder Engagement

This essay explores and provides insight into traditional media, social media and stakeholder engagement in relation to its relevance to public relations. It analyses and justifies which of the Grunig and Hunt’s four models of public relations relate to each concept whilst also providing a relevant real world example. It then reflects on several ethical considerations related to the organisations behaviour in practice through the use of ethical frameworks. Public relations uses three main media concepts including traditional media, social media and stakeholder engagement. This essay will begin by exploring traditional media and its practices. Traditional media has been the most dominant source of media for the past 500 years. Traditional media is easily identified as it has played such a large role in society and includes sources such as television, radio, newspapers and magazines. Traditional media can be seen as centralised/ top down and is often controlled by professional gatekeepers. In addition, traditional media is also costly to publish, as it often requires printing and distributing. Traditional media plays a significant role in public relations and many tactics relate directly to this form of media. These tactics can include but are not limited to: news releases, fact sheets, media kits, pitch letters, interviews with journalists, conferences, personal appearances and the reach of radio and television. Traditional media has seen a decline over the past decadeShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Effect On Communication1361 Words   |  6 PagesDuring a crisis, social media channels such as blogs, Facebook pages and instant messages can be used to keep stakeholders updated, stay connected with stakeholders, and collectively find a solution to overcome a crisis (Ulmer et al., 2015). While a number of social media characteristics are typically considered before its adoption in communication activities, three characteristics are mentioned more frequently in communication literature. In most crisis communication studies, speed, ease of reachRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Communications Involves Realigning Communications Flow From Different Sources767 Words   |  4 Pagesorganization’s target market to listen to what the business has to offer. These channels include PR, sales promotion, social media marketing and traditional advertising. Service related information to consumers will be disseminated through these channels. Each touch point will be supported by an appropriately positioned brand to truly maximize return on investment. Public relations The traditional view is that public relations existed to enhance the image of a business while marketing existed to identifyRead MorePublic Relations And Social Media1840 Words   |  8 PagesPublic relations use traditional media, social media and stakeholder engagement in everyday practice. Each of these three concepts is contingent to the success of public relations and practitioners use them in order to connect and communicate with publics and audiences to enforce messages. Each concept correlates with one or more of Grunig and Hunt’s four models of public relations, emphasising the importance of these three concepts in the public relations industry. To further understand these conceptsRead MoreSocial Media Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagestransformation of traditional marketing, and it’s no other than social media that we all learned to love. It’s quite fascinating that in the early 2000’s social media wasn’t even invented; yet statistics show that Facebook has accumulated users surpassing the entire population of the United States. The acceleration of growth and progress in social media just gives us a glimpse of its maximum potential on how it will revolutionize and transform marketing. Before we further discuss the subject of social mediaRead MoreTraditional Marketing Strategies For New Social Media1409 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, traditional marketing strategies have been questioned about their ability to be implemented in the present. As customers become more technologically oriented and explore the opportunities that the web has to offer them, marketers have identified that there is a need for the implementation of strategies that would allow them to create and maintain relationships with customers on social platforms. As a result, marketers have updated traditional marketing strateg ies to newly developedRead MoreAnalysis Of Marquette University s Marketing And Communications Team s Strategy For Social Media Strategy755 Words   |  4 PagesMarquette University had many successes building its brand through a strategic social media strategy. According to the case study, members of The Office of Communications and Marketing supported and participated in the conception and planning stages to help structure an effective social media strategy. In addition to the research and information gathered internally, the university also engaged with a variety of audiences, not physically on the campus, to further extend its market research and brandRead MoreE Mail Marketing : The Most Important Tool For Improving Customer Service, Engaging Customers, And Advertising1627 Words   |  7 Pagesutilized digital marketing â€Å"poorly or very poorly.† Conversely, 7% of respondents described their current digital marketing as â€Å"very good or excellent.† Finding s reflect digital marketing channels used most often were company websites, SEO and social media; however, none of which were used very actively. Roughly half of the respondents considered their website as the most important tool for increasing sales. Correspondingly, websites were also cited as the primary tool for improving customer serviceRead MoreThe Role of Marketing Strategies in UNICEF909 Words   |  4 Pagesnon-charitable organisations objective embedded within its mission statement is to work with all its partners towards the attainment of the sustainable human development goals adopted by the world community and the realisation of the vision of peace and social progress enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations. UNICEF was created with the purpose of working with others to overcome the obstacles that poverty, violence, disease and discrimination place in a child’s path, thus advancing the cause ofRead MoreAnalyzing Uber s Crisis Management Strategy On The Kalamazoo Shootings1653 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media is a broad term used to express an exhaustive list of many types of new media and forms of communication. It is a constantly evolving platform which has rapidly changed communication behaviours and practices. Over the past decade the role of the digital has radically altered the landscape of corporate communication and the ways in which an organisation establish dialogues with their stakeholders, particularly in the area of crisis communication. Social media’s characteristics of ubiquityRead MoreThe Importance Of Corporate Social Responsibility1189 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility Corporate social responsibility has become one the highly debated issues in the corporate and social sciences world. Nowadays, the most successful companies have the most effective CSR strategies. Starry is the trending startups company of 2017 in the USA because of its innovative idea. It is providing high-speed internet in the USA up to GB/s with the latest technology. Its the companys responsibility to provide this high-speed broadband service to remote areas

Ibm Marketing Mix (Denmark) Free Essays

Marketing: Foundations and applications Course code: BMAN-20390 Marketing analysis of IBM 1. 0 Thesis statement â€Å"Evaluate the marketing strategy of a blue-chip company you are familiar with. Your evaluation should critically discuss the concept of the marketing mix as applied to your chosen organisation and at least one other academic marketing theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Ibm Marketing Mix (Denmark) or any similar topic only for you Order Now † 2. 0 Limitations IBM is a very large organization so the planning process of a marketing strategy that is coherent with the corporate strategy is made complicated and difficult because IBM operates in a number of significantly different markets.I have therefore since I am an employee of IBM Denmark decided that this is the â€Å"strategic business unit† that I am going to analyze in terms of their marketing strategy. Furthermore the portfolio of products that IBM Denmark supplies ranges from everything to hardware sales, software sales and consultancy services. There might be a significant difference in the way these products are promoted, and I have therefore narrowed it further down to focus on the tertiary activities, meaning the marketing strategy of the consultancy services (in IBM known as GBS – Global Business Services). This limitation is convenient because it allows me to properly analyze the marketing strategy in this given area – as opposed to making an analysis based upon IBM as a whole with their entire portfolio of products, as this would not be fulfilling in a 2500 word essay. 3. 0 Preface IBM mission statement: â€Å"At IBM, we strive to lead in the invention, development, and manufacture of the industry’s most advanced information technologies, including computer systems, software, storage systems, and microelectronics.We translate these advanced technologies into value for our customers through our professional solutions, services, and consulting businesses worldwide†. From the mission statement above we can conclude that IBM wants to be a leader on the blue-chip market – which we in terms of their size can conclude they are close to being. In the following essay the reader will be introduced to the marketing strategy of IBM. Furthermore the reader will be intro duced to a SWOT analysis, in which it will be discussed and concluded which strategic position IBM has on the current market. In regards to the limitation above this will be an analysis based upon IBMs services provision in Denmark. The reader will find out that the classical approach with the 4ps of marketing doesn’t really apply to this part of the business that IBM conducts. Instead an additional three Ps has been added, and these will be discussed as well. SWOT Analysis One of the trustiest tools in business is the SWOT analysis. Corporations takes a calm, cool look down at the organisations Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threat’s.Then they seek to capitalise on the strengths, eliminate the weaknesses, seize the best opportunities and counter the threats. Figure 4. 1 is a SWOT analysis of the global business services for IBM, and the end result of this analysis should help us to give a clear view of IBM’s strategic position on the market, which we then can use to discuss their marketing strategy. Figure 4. 1 – IBM DK GBS SWOT Strengths: IBM Denmark has been on the Danish market since 1950 – which leaves them with a significant amount of experience of the market.The wide range of their strategic competencies runs from everything from hardware-sales to business consultancy, the latter being one of their profitable areas of expertise. Furthermore IBM DK has a leading position on the Danish services market, being one of the biggest consultancy houses in the country. It is the combination of its size and experience on the market that leaves them to be one of the preferred business partners in Denmark and in the rest of the world. IBM Denmark like most companies believes it is necessary to have a talented workforce. IBM is present at local universities promoting themselves with the purpose of future recruitment. Through this initiative they attract the students they believe is prospects as future IBM leaders, and sign them off before their competitors. Furthermore IBM is extremely flexible, meaning that leaders across country borders are stationed in different parts of the world. A lot of IBM DKs top leaders are individuals who have a history with IBM, but only in a different SBU. Weaknesses: Being located in Denmark one is urged to believe that it is inevitable to have high operating costs, especially labour cost.Denmark does have one of the highest salary rates in the world. And with a personnel count of nearly 5. 000 people this results in big money. Opportunities: With the increased focus on the environment in recent years – IBM must be innovative and continue to lead the market by supplying greener solutions to their customers. A growing body of evidence asserts that corporations can do well, by doing good. IBM must differentiate their brand and reputation as well as their products and services, by taking responsibility for the wellbeing of the societies and environments in which they operate.Practicing corporate social responsibility can generate significant returns to their business. Furthermore if IBM could reduce their operating costs, then it would also be possible to reduce their prices, without compromising with the quality of their products. IBM has already taken initiatives to reduce their labour costs. Danish consultants requires a high salary rate, which is why IBM DK wherever possible tries to limit the amount of these consultants. Instead they will bring consultants from India and other low cost countries to Denmark and assign them to the project that is to be executed.This allows them to sell the service for a more competitive price. It has been discussed if IBM should completely shut down its locations in the EU, and outsource the entire European operations to low cost countries – however I personally believe that this would be compromising the quality of the service provided as it surely must be necessary to have people with local market knowledge assisting on the projects. Threats: As the world continues to get smaller, IBM like other big corporations faces the challenge of outsourcing.Especially IBM Denmark is threatened by outsourcing, as Denmark has the highest tax rate in the world, which will force IBM to have higher prices, than what is offered abroad – l eaving them more vulnerable to the threat of outsourcing. Furthermore the introduction of changes in various services are not patentable (reference: http://www. mgutheses. org/page/? q=T%200984amp;search=amp;page=amp;rad=#43, page 32), meaning that the innovativeness of a company like IBM can easily be adopted by newcomers to the market.Also, as a service is not a manufactured product, but really a transaction of knowledge – it is hard to imagine that it is capital intensive to enter the service industry. Marketing mix â€Å"The marketing mix is an imperative concept in modern marketing and academically it is referred to as a set of controllable tools that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market, so it consists of everything the firm can do to influence the demand for its products† (Kotler and Armstrong 2004).The easiest way to understand the main aspects of marketing is through the famous 4P’s marketing, which was introduced and suggested by McCarthy in 1960 (reference: http://university-essays. tripod. com/marketing_mix. html). It includes marketing strategies of product, price, placement and promotion. It is however interesting if this also applies to a company that sells services and not a material product. Given the unique and distinguishing features of the service industry, researchers have offered different models and approaches to the marketing of services.It is suggested that services marketing does not only include external marketing reaching the customers, but also an internal marketing strategy to motivate the employees (reference: A service quality model and its implications, Christian Gronross, vol 18, No. 4, 1984, pp. 36-44). Figure 2 – The triangle model of services marketing Company Internal MarketingExternal Marketing Employees Customers Interactive Marketing As stated above the internal marketing is for the company to motivate their employees to serve its customers in the best possible way.External marketing is when the company makes its service available to its customers to increase the demand. The interactive marketing involves to the effort of employees to win customers loyalty in the process of their interaction with the customers in delivering the services. This must be closely related to internal marketing. In IBM DK, the consultants and salespeople are paid partly in a fixed salary scheme and a variable scheme depending on their results. Furthermore these same IBM representatives will receive an annual bonus, if IBM on the given project has reached a certain percentage of profit.These incentives through salaries and bonuses can be associated to what we clarify as internal marketing. For the external marketing side – the traditional marketing mix as we know them through the 4p’s can also be applied on services marketing as they are applied on tangible goods. But it is discussed to be difficult. Which is why for services marketing, a modified marketing mix has been developed. The services marketing mix comprises 7p’s and these include the following: * Product * Price * Place * Promotion * People * Process * Physical evidenceIt is important to look closer at some of these P’s, which will be done in the following. Product: The most important question to be asked here is â€Å"are these the right products or services for our customers today†? IBM continues to be the leading innovator on the market, spending billions of dollars every year in their research centers providing their customers with the newest technologies and always making sure that the quality of the products is of IBM’s usual reputed quality. Price: As anyone ca n imagine the price of the service provided is essential for whether or not IBM wins the customer over.As soon as the appropriate experts has analyzed the pre project resources that is to be needed for the project he informs the pricing department. The pricer then based on these assumptions, inflation, currency differences, management desired PTI % (pre tax income), and our cost case calculated a price that is then been presented to the customer. Promotion: When promoting their services IBM first make rational decions on which businesses to approach. Then they divide their promotion into how big the markets are, e. g a segment could be small and medium business†. Within a specific constituency market, IBM first identifies which businesses make the most sense to connect with. Then, the IBM determines the most efficient way to reach each of them. whether through individualized marketing or a creative combination of IBM’s go-to-market strategies† IBM also enters the business community through professional associations and organizations. Such groups generate interest in IBM and may even help IBM identify new business partners. By sponsoring and participating with them, IBM is able to communicate its message of value to the member businesses.Furthermore IBM through their marketing incentives has adopted a more emotional approach in the way they promote themselves. Rai Cockfield VP Market development states that all people prior to purchase asks the following â€Å"Does this product or service meet my need? Is the company reputable? And is the price reasonable? † Today, he adds a more pressing question, â€Å"Are you reaching me in the way that I see myself? ‘ â€Å"That’s what endears a person to a company and a product,† he says. (reference: http://www-03. ibm. com/employment/us/diverse/50/ads. html. ) People: An important ingredient to any service provision, is as we have discussed above having qualified personnel. Recruiting the right staff and people and training them appropriately in the delivery of services is essential if IBM wants to continue having their competitive advantage. Providing a service is partly the quality of the service and the quality of the people that delivers it, as these are in constant contact with the customer. As mentioned above, IBM has had university partnerships in order to recruit students. Process:When selling their services IBM has two processes. Either the customer comes to IBM looking for an offer on a service they need provided. IBM then sends the appropriate people to analyse the resources that are needed to provide this service. An offer is then presented to the customer. A different process is when we have existing customers, the client manager is responsible for looking for new business services that we can provide them. And then the process starts over, in regards to presenting an offer after calculating the resources we need for the project.Conclusion IBM wants to be the leader on the Danish market. And in terms of their size we can conclude that they are close to being just that. From the SWOT analysis above we saw that IBM has the needed experience and size to be one of the biggest consultancy houses in the country and in the world. Furthermore with the increasing focus on the environment IBM has the possibility to be the leading innovator for greener solutions – an opportunity that they have successfully capitalized on through their continued research for more environmental solutions.However despite IBM being a big player on the Danish services market, it is important that they reduce their high operating costs. By bringing Indian and other low cost consultants into the game, they have somewhat succeeded in doing this as these have lower salary rates. In the marketing of services we have concluded that an external marketing effort is not enough for successfully promoting itself. An internal marketing strategy is also essential for obtaining success. IBM must motivate its employees as these are the focalpoint to customer, in which case it is important that they are motivated and happy.In promoting and marketing themselves IBM has also realised that they in today’s world they must reach their custom ers on a more personal level, and not merely connect through reputation and price. Connecting with its customers on a personal level and delivering top quality services is what keeps IBM on top of their game and in even in rough financial times they have succeeded in being one of the top choices as business partner.References Websites:http://www. entrepreneur. om/marketing/article70824. html http://www.scribd. com/doc/10999474/IBM-Strategic-Analysishttp://www. simplemarketingblog. com/2009/06/sandy-carter-integrates-social-media. htmlhttp://www. itsma. com/ezine/analytics-optimize-marketing-mix/http://university-essays. tripod. com/marketing_mix. html How to cite Ibm Marketing Mix (Denmark), Papers

Management and organisational behaviour in Planning

Question: Discuss about the Management and organisational behaviour in Planning. Answer: Introduction Organisational behaviour is the study of human behaviour in an organisation, and the interaction between the organisation and the human behaviour. According to Mullins (2013), organisational behaviour can be divided into three ways such as micro level, meso level and macro level. The major principle of organisational behaviour is to achieve the organisational theory and also develop a greater conceptualisation of the organisational life. Therefore, it can be stated that central idea of the organisational behaviour is used for the purpose of human resource and employee engagement, which will in turn maximise the entire output of the organisation. On the other hand, organisational behaviour is helpful to understand the group and the individual performance as well as their activities within a company. This study will highlight the human behaviour in the working environment of Woolworths and will identify the effect on the organisational performance, communication, leadership and motivation etc. Woodet al.(2016) opined that internal and external perspectives are two relevant theories, which describe how the organisational behaviour can be measured by the performance of Woolworths. In addition, internal perspective is depending upon the employees behaviour and their personal feelings, communications, thoughts and experiences. On the other hand, external perspective is depending upon the environmental factors, which affect the individuals performance and behaviour. Woolworths is a supermarket chain in Australia. Woolworths is operating their business in the duopoly market. The Headquarter of Woolworths is at New South Wales, Australia. Number of employees is 11000 (Woolworthsgroup.com.au. 2017). In order to complete the study, the interviewer has conducted an interview on 3 managers of Woolworths. As the managers are busy with their operations, therefore, the interviewer has conducted the interview through telephone. This study will demonstrate the organisational planning, which is required to determine in order to achieve the business goal of the organisation. Time horizon is the primary aspect, with which Woolworths deliver the products to the consumers within the proposed time. In addition, pricing strategy is the other aspect, which is determined by Woolworths in order to satisfy the consumers (Mahembe and Engelbrecht2014). On the other hand, this study will demonstrate several leadership styles, which are following by the organisations in order to improve the organisational performance. Planning Theory Organisational planning is a procedure, which is helpful to focus on the ideas and decide on the approaches, which are required to follow Woolworths in order to meet the goal of the company. As opined by Rhoden (2016), planning is the vital level of all work place. However, the management of Woolworths has been following fail to plan, plan to fail in the organisational performance. In addition, Woolworths focuses to the time horizon and thus, they develops time frame for each of the work. Within the mentioned time frame, Woolworths tried to accomplish their projects. Therefore, each of the individual workers requires to provide their efforts as per the necessities. According to Mullins (2013), Woolworths requires to identify and organise the necessary resources and raw materials. If Woolworths supply excess raw materials for the production process, then it can be inferred that the organisation has to carry extra burden. This will in turn increase the overall cost structure of the products. In this point, it can be mentioned that supply of necessary amounts raw materials can improve the performance of an organisation. The organisation has planned to develop schedules with appropriate and specific milestones for achieving the goal of the organisation (Lee and Lee 2014). Woolworths has also planned to set appropriate prices of their products. Findings It is known that the objective of Woolworths is to deliver the products to the consumers within proposed time. After conducting the interview, the interviewer has identified that Woolworths has been planning mainly to deliver the manufacturing goods within the mentioned time. Therefore, time framework is the key aspect, which has been followed by Woolworths. In addition, the short-term goal of Woolworths is to provide higher quality of products at the best possible prices to the customers. As a result, the consumers are getting satisfied with their service and thus, Woolworths has planned to open more outlets around Australia. According to AlNasseriand Aulin (2016), it can be mentioned that organisational planning can increase the productivity of the organisation and the consumers will be satisfied. Therefore, the organisation has planned to expand its business. Hence, the revenue earning by Woolworths will be increased. In the opinion of Gelenset al. (2014), by following this organi sational planning Woolworths will be capable to achieve business goal. Moreover, Woolworths also implement innovative techniques in order to improve the performance of Woolworths. Analysis The main concern of Woolworths is to deliver the products to their consumers within the proposed time. This is the ideal practice of the organisation to satisfy their consumers. As a result, they also want to maintain a long-term relationship with the company (Contrafattoand Burns 2013). It can be mentioned that the long-term goal of Woolworths is to achieve the environmental needs. Therefore, they want to sustain organisational growth within the social development. Based on the organisational planning, which have discussed in previous, Woolworths has focused on four organisational strategies. The strategies are to be a consumer centric business, to be a higher brand value driven business, to develop strong and greater profitable consumer relationship, to enable multi-channel world. As per the statement of Lozano, Ceulemansand Seatter (2015), Woolworths has aimed to motivate the employees and also provide them necessary training in order to update their knowledge and skills. On the o ther hand, other important aspect is to determine the pricing structure of the products. As Woolworths always tries to give priority to the consumers, therefore, they set lower prices of the products, so that the consumers can afford to purchase it. As a result, pricing strategy is one of the important organisational strategies, which is required to determine in order to increase the profitability statement of the organisation (AlNasseri and Aulin2016). Organising Theory In order to improve the performance of an organisation, Woolworths has planned to develop a team. According to Alfeset al. (2013), teamwork can increase theproductivity of the organisation. The definition of organising can arrange different elements into a sequential structure or order. This will in turn implies assembling of necessary resources to achieve the organisational objectives. Therefore, it can be mentioned that this is an organisational goal oriented process, which highlights the organisational effectiveness and efficiency. On the other hand, Chumget al. (2016) cited that organising is the managerial program, which is needed to carry out and also required to determine in order to achieve the business goal. Organising is also associated with the human resources and the other organisational assets such as strategy, technology and environment. On the other hand, organising at the level of organisation includes an inference about the feasibility of departmentalise within the departments to efficiently coordinate the effort. According to De Vriesand Van der Poll (2016), there are several ways of departmentalise, which include organising with the help of activities, product or with the consumers. Woolworths has used several approaches of departmentalisation. Therefore, in a synopsis, it can be mentioned that organising is a method, which involves integration, balancing and the coordination of the organisational function and can combine the employees in order to achieve the business goals. Findings From the interview, it can be noticed that the management of Woolworths have keep their faith on the team development. The organising process of Woolworths has developed a relationship with the employees by assigning tasks to the eligible employees (Lozano, Ceulemansand Seatter2015). It is because when Woolworths has assigned tasks to the staffs, they become responsible towards the tasks and perform it efficiently. In addition, the procedure of organising has raised to a network of authority responsibility associations between the members of the company. This network of organisational authority responsibility connection is known as organisation structure. Woolworths has aimed to two broad classifications such as organising as a process and organising as a structure. On the other hand, Mahembeand Engelbrecht (2014) opined that organising is a continuous method and in order to achieve the business goal, Woolworths requires to maintain a consistency in their performance. Therefore, it c an be stated that organising is essential for achieving the organisational goals. In this context, Woolworths is able to determine the distribution, finance, production, organisational operation etc. Analysis Organising is associated with the mechanism, which is helpful to achieve the organisational planned objectives. Therefore, Woolworths has been providing a framework within which several activities have performed by the managers of the organisation significantly. Organising procedure is used within the organisation in order to maintain and achieve the coordination among the organisational staffs. This is the ideal organising practice followed by Woolworths. As per the statement of Hyde, Harris and Boaden (2013), with the help of organising, the performance of the employees can be connected with the functioning of each of the departments. In addition, organising is depending upon the concept of work division of Woolworths, which leads to the specialisation. The organising process of Woolworths has aimed to achieve higher effectiveness as it is benefitted to make significant utilisation of the physical resources. In the words of Lee and Lee (2014), it can be stated that Woolworths is ab le to promote development of the employees and the management can take necessary decisions and is able to tackle the difficult situation. It also helped to boost up employees morale. Leading Theory Leadership is helpful to focus to the management approach, which works towards what is suitable for the organisation and for the stakeholders. Their leading power of the organisational leaders will be able to reflect the performance of the individual employees. In the opinion of Odetunde (2013), a leader is assumed to be someone having clear vision, which is required to follow in order to achieve the goal of the business. On the other hand, it can be menti0oned that keeping mind the business objectives, the leaders implement organisational strategies and also formulate plans. Therefore, Contrafatto and Burns (2013) mentioned that three dimensions of leadership are what to do, how to meet the vision and who will be idea to carry out the strategies? Figure 1: Three strategies of leadership (Source: Created by author) There are five types of leadership style such as Laissez faire, autocratic, participative, transactional and transformational, which can be followed by the organisations. The laissez faire leader will be able to identify the organisational shortcomings and then supervise and motivate the performance of employees in order to improve their individual performance (Hyde,Harris and Boaden2013). In this type of leadership approach, it can be observed that no leadership or no supervision efforts will be received from the managers, which will in turn lead to the poor production along with the increasing cost structure. On the other hand, in case of autocratic leadership style, the managers of an organisation do not involve the employees in the decision making process. The participative leadership style is the adverse leadership style of autocratic. In the participative or democratic leadership style, the managers allow the employees to take part in the decision making process. As a result, Bourne (2016) cited that participative leadership style can boost up the performance of the employees. As per the transactional leadership style, the leaders are willing to provide awards or also punished the employees based on their performance. Therefore, the employees receive awards after accomplishing the business goal. On the other hand, transformational leadership style is depending upon the higher level of communication between the management and the employees to achieve the business goals (Contrafatto and Burns 2013). Findings After conducting the interview with the managers of Woolworths, it can be observed that Woolworths has followed participative or democratic leadership style. Therefore, Idenand Eikebrokk (2015) opined that the subordinates of Woolworths has the opportunity to take part in the decision making process of the organisation. This leadership style considers the subordinates contributors in any type of organisational performance. As a result, the innovation, creativity, honesty has reflected in the performance of the employees. Analysis In the words of Longoni (2014), democratic leadership style is helpful to solve the complex organisational issues. The organisation would have the potential to work collaboratively, therefore, in case of complex and strategic problems, the democratic leader of Woolworths could take efficient decisions. Moreover, it can be mentioned that greater communication skill between the management and the employees of Woolworths has improved and this would in turn reflect the individual performance of the employees. In addition, creative environment is helpful to increase productivity of the organisation. The bonding between the team members and the managers would also increase. However, Young (2015) argued that Woolworths sometimes faced difficulties during the decision making process. The employees sometimes provide several opinions and it would be difficult to take one single decision. If this situation arises, Tamtaand Rao (2016) mentioned that democratic leadership approach is comparative time consuming. Therefore, the management requires comparatively more time to take decision. However, it can be concluded that democratic leadership is an ideal style to lead the organisation and can improve the employees performance. Controlling Theory Controlling is one of the important tools, which can check the errors in the organisational operation and take corrective action. Therefore, deviation from the standards would be minimised and organisational goals can be achieved in a predicted way. According to Dikshit and Dikshit (2014), it can be mentioned that controlling is a foreseeing activity where the previous concepts of control were used after detecting the errors. Hence, it can be mentioned that control in management is helpful to determine the standards, measuring the actual performance and then take correct action. The four major elements of controlling are: The organisational characteristics can be controlled The sensor The comparator The activator The first element such as characteristics system is able to measure the existing correlation within the organisational operation process. This can also measure how the system is performing (Idenand Eikebrokk2015). This characteristic is the output of the entire system during the stage of processing. With the help of second tool, an organisation can measure the characteristics of the operation. The third element of organisational controlling can determine the necessity of further correction within the business performance. It is an important indicator, which can mitigate the loopholes to improve the performance of the organisations. Changet al. (2016) added that it will involve an essential preventive action, which highlights that good control can achieve the goal of the organisation. Lastly, the activator element is the corrective action, which can return the system to the expected output level. Findings From the interview, it can be identified that the managers of Woolworths are able to identify the new challenges and mistakes of the organisational functions. Moreover, the interviewer has understood that controlling is the last approach of planning, organising, staffing as well as directing. In addition, the management control of Woolworths can determine the standards of the performance of employees; evaluate the actual performance of the employees and also compare this actual performance with the organisational standards. After identifying the differentiation, the managers of Woolworths have planned to take corrective plan (Ibrahimet al. 2015). In this way, Woolworths is able to accomplish the organisational goal. Apart from this, the managers of Woolworths would able to improve the employee motivation as well as also facilitate the coordination in action. Therefore, Woolworths has arranged award program to the best employee. This would in turn motivate the employees to improve the ir performance. Analysis As per the theory of controlling, it can be observed that the organisations aimed to facilitate and motivate the employees. Hence, Woolworths follows to arrange award program in order to enhance the level of motivation of the staffs. In this point, it can be assumed that this organisational strategy is the best practice to understand how the managers successfully manage the Woolworths organisational operation (Wong, Mahmud and Omar 2015). Conclusion The major concern of this study is to highlight the organisational behaviour of Woolworths. Therefore, three managers of this organisation have been chosen on which the interview has been conducted. The interviewer has set 4 open ended questions. Based on their responses, the interviewer has identified that the organisation has focused to the time horizon in order to deliver the products to the consumers. On the other hand, after the interview method, it can be noticed that Woolworths has followed democratic leadership style in their organisation. This proves that Woolworths has given priority to the employees, so that they can take part in the decision making process. In this purpose, the managers of the organisation have aimed to make a greater communication with the subordinates. Lastly, it can be observed that Woolworths has implemented innovative techniques and organisational strategies in order to achieve the goal of the business. As a result, the managers of the organisation i nferred that the revenue earning of the organisation has increased. The profitability statement of Woolworths would be also increased. Recommendation In order to improve the performance of Woolworths, it can be recommended that Woolworths also require to implement the strategy of fair price policy. In this context, it can be mentioned that along with the implementation of ideal time horizon, the organisation also requires to set the price of the product cheap, so that the consumers can afford the price and purchase the products. If Woolworths set higher prices of the products, then the overall sales of the organisation will be decreased. As Woolworths is belonging to a duopoly market and Coles is the major competitor of Woolworths, therefore, the sales of Woolworths will be declined. As a result, the financial position of the organisation within the Australian retailing industry will be decreased. References Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model. The international journal of human resource management, 24(2), pp.330-351. AlNasseri, H.A. and Aulin, R., 2016. Understanding Management Roles and Organisational Behaviour in Planning and Scheduling Based on Construction Projects in Oman. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 21(1). Bourne, L., 2016.Stakeholder relationship management: a maturity model for organisational implementation. CRC Press. Chang, K., Chang, K., Nguyen, B., Nguyen, B., Cheng, K.T., Cheng, K.T., Kuo, C.C., Kuo, C.C., Lee, I. and Lee, I., 2016. HR practice, organisational commitment citizenship behaviour: A study of primary school teachers in Taiwan. Employee Relations, 38(6), pp.907-926. Chumg, H.F., Seaton, J., Cooke, L. and Ding, W.Y., 2016. Factors affecting employees' knowledge-sharing behaviour in the virtual organisation from the perspectives of well-being and organisational behaviour.Computers in Human Behavior, 64, pp.432-448. Contrafatto, M. and Burns, J., 2013. Social and environmental accounting, organisational change and management accounting: A processual view. Management Accounting Research, 24(4), pp.349-365. De Vries, H. and Van der Poll, H.M., 2016. The influence of Lean thinking on organisational structure and behaviour in the discrete manufacturing industry.Journal of Contemporary Management, 13(1), pp.55-89. Dikshit, A.Y. and Dikshit, P.A., 2014. An Empirical Study Of Voluntary Organisational Behaviour: Investigating relationship between personnel Psychology counterproductive work behaviour. ZENITH International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 4(3), pp.64-76. Gelens, J., Hofmans, J., Dries, N. and Pepermans, R., 2014. Talent management and organisational justice: employee reactions to high potential identification. Human Resource Management Journal, 24(2), pp.159-175. Hyde, P., Harris, C. and Boaden, R., 2013. Pro-social organisational behaviour of health care workers.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(16), pp.3115-3130. Ibrahim, R., Aziz Amin, A., Ghani, M.A., Hashim, N. and Salleh, M., 2015. Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Readiness: A Demographic Study on Local Government Employees in Southern Region of Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences Humanities, 23. Iden, J. and Eikebrokk, T.R., 2015. The impact of senior management involvement, organisational commitment and group efficacy on ITIL implementation benefits.Information Systems and e-Business Management, 13(3), pp.527-552. Lee, H.H. and Lee, C.Y., 2014. The effects of total quality management and organisational learning on business performance: evidence from Taiwanese insurance industries. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 25(9-10), pp.1072-1087. Longoni, A., 2014. Sustainable operations strategies: the impact of human resource management and organisational practices on the triple bottom line. Springer. Lozano, R., Ceulemans, K. and Seatter, C.S., 2015. Teaching organisational change management for sustainability: designing and delivering a course at the University of Leeds to better prepare future sustainability change agents. Journal of Cleaner Production, 106, pp.205-215. Mahembe, B. and Engelbrecht, A.S., 2014. The relationship between servant leadership, organisational citizenship behaviour and team effectiveness.SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 40(1), pp.01-10. Mullins, L.J., 2013. Management and Organisational Behaviour. UK: Pearson. Odetunde, O.J., 2013. Influence of transformational and transactional leaderships, and leaders' sex on organisational conflict management behaviour. Gender and Behaviour, 11(1), pp.5323-5335. Rhoden, M., 2016.Construction Management and Organisational Behaviour.John Wiley Sons. Tamta, V. and Rao, M.K., 2016.The effect of psychological contract fulfilment on organisational justice, work engagement and knowledge sharing behaviour.International Journal of Management Concepts and Philosophy, 9(4), pp.283-305. Wong, S.C., Mahmud, M.M. and Omar, F., 2015.Spiritual leadership values and organisational behaviour in Malaysian private institutions of higher education.Pertanika Journal Social Sciences Humanities, 23(2), pp.495-507. Wood, J.M., Zeffane, R.M., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Morrison, R., Factor, A., McKeown, T., Schermerhorn, J.R., Hunt, J.G. and Osborn, R.N., 2016.Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd.. Woolworthsgroup.com.au. (2017).Woolworths Group: Quality Brands and Trusted Retailing. Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/ [Accessed 26 Jan. 2017]. Young, M., 2015. Project Management Research: social Dimensions and organisational Context. Designs, Methods and Practices for Research of Project Management, p.19.

Use of Accounting Software For a Manufacturing Unit

Question: Discuss about theUse of Accounting Software for a Manufacturing Unit. Answer: Introduction: Significance of Accounting Software It has become almost mandatory for every business organisation to have accounting software which can record the business transactions and carry out other important functions like invoicing, collection and disbursement of payments, stock valuation, and providing reports like profit and loss account, balance sheet to analyze the financial position of the business. There are many companies which provide accounting software according to the needs of the business. Some of them include Myob, QuickBooks, and Zero. A business may choose from the available options depending upon its business needs and the functionalities provided by the software. Transactions and Events in a Manufacturing Concern A manufacturing firm is involved in production of goods which it sells to earn profits. The events in a manufacturing set up normally comprise of purchase of raw material, processing the material to convert it into a finished product. Next event is selling of the finished product. Apart from sale of goods, the payment to employees is another event. For carrying out the business transactions, a company needs finance, obtaining and paying for the loan is yet another event. For the Kiama based manufacturer of dairy products also above events will take place. In carrying out the above events, various economic transactions take place, some of which are mentioned below: Purchase of raw material for a dairy manufacturer, the raw material would be milk which will be purchased from a farm owning cows. The purchase may be made in cash or credit. Cash is paid for immediately and credit purchases are paid later as per the terms of credit. Conversion of raw material into finished goods the milk will be converted to yogurt and cheese. For this fermentation will be carried out on the milk. Before the product is finished, it may be in work in process inventory. Hence, the business needs to record the stock of the material at its cost using an appropriate stock valuation method. In this case, the manufacturer may stock the cheese. Sale/return of finished products once the product is manufactured, in this case cheese and yogurt, the manufacturer will sell these products. The transaction will be recorded in the accounting books with information like sales amount, name if the buyer. An invoice will be generated to be issued to the buyer. If the payment is not collected on the spot, a debtors account will be created and the payment whenever received will be recorded accordingly. Payment of salaries/wages to employees the company may pay the employees on a periodic basis. The company makes payment to the employees either through cash or check. In paying the staff, the firm deducts tax at source to be paid to the government; hence another transaction is to pay taxes to government. Financing the manufacturer may want to acquire a loan to finance its business transactions. Hence, receiving of cash, payment of interest and repayment of debt are various transactions that will take place for the event. Purchase of assets for carrying out the business activities, a firm will need assets like the dairy manufacturer will require equipments to convert milk into cheese. Payment of tax a manufacturer normally makes two types of tax payments. One is the tax on sale of goods and the other is the tax on behalf of employees deducted at source. For recording the above transactions, a company may either depend on manual accounting or purchase accounting software which will help in recording the above transactions Accounting Software vs. Manual Books Every transaction that takes place must be recognized, classified and documented. The entries should be recorded in a journal and the various accounts being affected by the transaction should be updated. All the journal entries should be posted in the various ledger accounts. At the end of the accounting period, a trial balance should be prepared with the help of ledger to see if the debit equals credit or not. Therefore with the help of trial balance financial statements like profit and loss account, balance sheet and statement of cash flows should be prepared. Under manual accounting, the above accounting cycle is prepared by the employees on a period basis. Under computerized accounting, only the recording of transactions needs to be done by employees i.e. entering the data and rest all the steps of accounting cycle like generating invoices, making of financial reports is automatically prepared by the software. There are many advantages of accounting software over manual book keeping some of which are discussed below: Speed and Accuracy accounting software is faster as far as entering information is concerned. The built in database of suppliers and customers helps in quick data entry. There is more accuracy as there is only one entry required per transaction whereas in manual accounting two to three entries are made for each transaction. Automatic document production documents like invoices, purchase orders, credit notes, payroll documents are all done automatically in the accounting software whereas in manual accounting, separate print outs have to be taken for each document. (Weber, NA) Real time information an accounting software helps in providing information real time i.e. it can create reports before the accounting period so that the current financial position can be determined. Under manual accounting, reports are prepared at the end of the accounting period. Also the information can be made available to different users at the same time which is not possible with manual accounting. Management information various useful reports are produced by accounting software which are useful to the managers in monitoring and controlling business. Important reports include financial statements, debtors and creditors ageing, stock valuation report etc. these reports have to be prepared manually under manual accounting which is very time consuming. (Hadler, NA) Cost savings there are cost savings in terms of staff, audit expenses as records are neat and up to date. Efficiency use of accounting software increases efficiency as better inventory control and debt collection reports help in improving cash flow. Also time and resources wasted in recording all entries is avoided. GST/VAT return the software creates automatic figures of GST and VAT returns based on the accounting transactions so no time is wasted whereas under manual accounting, tax figures need to be calculated manually. (Opentuition, 2016), (Meall, 2010) Sales Cycle of Manufacturing Firm When a company makes sales, there are a series of transactions that take place. Based on these transactions, the journal entries are recorded in the accounting software. So when the dairy manufacturer makes sales, the following transactions cycle will take place: Creating sales order when there is sale of any item like cheese or yogurt, a sales order is created in the accounting software. The customer is located on the software and a sales order is created by entering the quantity and delivery date and any applicable GST and customers ABN is automatically updated. The Sales Order Functionality helps to Track the Merchandise that has been Delivered and How Much is Left to be Delivered. Converting sales order to sales invoice the sales order is converted into sales invoice at the time of delivery of sales merchandise. Only when sales invoice is created, the sales journal entries are posted in the respective ledgers. The customer account balance is automatically updated. Recording credit sales if the sale is on credit, the credit sales invoice is created in the software. Recording part cash and part credit sales the total sales is recorded in the sales item and then a cash receipt is recorded separately receipts payments window. Collection of accounts receivable after a credit sale is made, next step in the cycle is to receive the money. There are two steps in this process: Recording the receipt of money received from the customer Recording the deposit of money in the bank account Sales returns sales may be returned by the customer. This is recorded in the software in two steps: First a credit note is created by creating a negative invoice Then the credit note is applied to an existing invoice (Perdisco, 2016) Risks of Using Manual set of Accounts In todays world, most of the business organisations have switched over to electronic software as using manual set of accounts poses risks and costs for a business. One of the greatest risks is loss of books of accounts due to fire or theft. If the records are lost, the business may go for a toss. Also it is very time consuming and there are great chances of human error. In electronic accounting, accuracy is higher as all records can be pulled from the software itself. Manual accounting becomes tedious as it is a routine work and may get boring. Hence it is advisable to use accounting software which has a cost to it but the advantages derived are more than the costs and hence is recommended. References Weber, A, (NA), Manual Accounting Versus Computerized Accounting, accessed online on 21st July, 2016, available at https://www.experience.com/alumnus/article?channel_id=accountingsource_page=breaking_inarticle_id=article_1173385201144 Hadler, G., (NA), The Advantages of using Computerised Accounting Software, accessed online on 21st July, 2016, available at, https://www.itseducation.asia/computerized-accounting.htm Perdisco, (2016), Sales Command Centre, Myob Learning Centre, accessed online on 21st July, 2016, available at, https://www.perdisco.com/au/myobLearning/sales/ openTuition.com, (2016), Types of Business Transactions and Documentation, accessed online on 21st July, 2016, available at, https://opentuition.com/fia/fa1/types-of-business-transactions/ Meall, L., (2010), Online Accounting Software, Chartec Software Product Guide, Information Technology Faculty, ICAEW