Ibm Marketing Mix (Denmark) Free Essays

Marketing: Foundations and applications Course code: BMAN-20390 Marketing analysis of IBM 1. 0 Thesis statement â€Å"Evaluate the marketing strategy of a blue-chip company you are familiar with. Your evaluation should critically discuss the concept of the marketing mix as applied to your chosen organisation and at least one other academic marketing theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Ibm Marketing Mix (Denmark) or any similar topic only for you Order Now † 2. 0 Limitations IBM is a very large organization so the planning process of a marketing strategy that is coherent with the corporate strategy is made complicated and difficult because IBM operates in a number of significantly different markets.I have therefore since I am an employee of IBM Denmark decided that this is the â€Å"strategic business unit† that I am going to analyze in terms of their marketing strategy. Furthermore the portfolio of products that IBM Denmark supplies ranges from everything to hardware sales, software sales and consultancy services. There might be a significant difference in the way these products are promoted, and I have therefore narrowed it further down to focus on the tertiary activities, meaning the marketing strategy of the consultancy services (in IBM known as GBS – Global Business Services). This limitation is convenient because it allows me to properly analyze the marketing strategy in this given area – as opposed to making an analysis based upon IBM as a whole with their entire portfolio of products, as this would not be fulfilling in a 2500 word essay. 3. 0 Preface IBM mission statement: â€Å"At IBM, we strive to lead in the invention, development, and manufacture of the industry’s most advanced information technologies, including computer systems, software, storage systems, and microelectronics.We translate these advanced technologies into value for our customers through our professional solutions, services, and consulting businesses worldwide†. From the mission statement above we can conclude that IBM wants to be a leader on the blue-chip market – which we in terms of their size can conclude they are close to being. In the following essay the reader will be introduced to the marketing strategy of IBM. Furthermore the reader will be intro duced to a SWOT analysis, in which it will be discussed and concluded which strategic position IBM has on the current market. In regards to the limitation above this will be an analysis based upon IBMs services provision in Denmark. The reader will find out that the classical approach with the 4ps of marketing doesn’t really apply to this part of the business that IBM conducts. Instead an additional three Ps has been added, and these will be discussed as well. SWOT Analysis One of the trustiest tools in business is the SWOT analysis. Corporations takes a calm, cool look down at the organisations Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threat’s.Then they seek to capitalise on the strengths, eliminate the weaknesses, seize the best opportunities and counter the threats. Figure 4. 1 is a SWOT analysis of the global business services for IBM, and the end result of this analysis should help us to give a clear view of IBM’s strategic position on the market, which we then can use to discuss their marketing strategy. Figure 4. 1 – IBM DK GBS SWOT Strengths: IBM Denmark has been on the Danish market since 1950 – which leaves them with a significant amount of experience of the market.The wide range of their strategic competencies runs from everything from hardware-sales to business consultancy, the latter being one of their profitable areas of expertise. Furthermore IBM DK has a leading position on the Danish services market, being one of the biggest consultancy houses in the country. It is the combination of its size and experience on the market that leaves them to be one of the preferred business partners in Denmark and in the rest of the world. IBM Denmark like most companies believes it is necessary to have a talented workforce. IBM is present at local universities promoting themselves with the purpose of future recruitment. Through this initiative they attract the students they believe is prospects as future IBM leaders, and sign them off before their competitors. Furthermore IBM is extremely flexible, meaning that leaders across country borders are stationed in different parts of the world. A lot of IBM DKs top leaders are individuals who have a history with IBM, but only in a different SBU. Weaknesses: Being located in Denmark one is urged to believe that it is inevitable to have high operating costs, especially labour cost.Denmark does have one of the highest salary rates in the world. And with a personnel count of nearly 5. 000 people this results in big money. Opportunities: With the increased focus on the environment in recent years – IBM must be innovative and continue to lead the market by supplying greener solutions to their customers. A growing body of evidence asserts that corporations can do well, by doing good. IBM must differentiate their brand and reputation as well as their products and services, by taking responsibility for the wellbeing of the societies and environments in which they operate.Practicing corporate social responsibility can generate significant returns to their business. Furthermore if IBM could reduce their operating costs, then it would also be possible to reduce their prices, without compromising with the quality of their products. IBM has already taken initiatives to reduce their labour costs. Danish consultants requires a high salary rate, which is why IBM DK wherever possible tries to limit the amount of these consultants. Instead they will bring consultants from India and other low cost countries to Denmark and assign them to the project that is to be executed.This allows them to sell the service for a more competitive price. It has been discussed if IBM should completely shut down its locations in the EU, and outsource the entire European operations to low cost countries – however I personally believe that this would be compromising the quality of the service provided as it surely must be necessary to have people with local market knowledge assisting on the projects. Threats: As the world continues to get smaller, IBM like other big corporations faces the challenge of outsourcing.Especially IBM Denmark is threatened by outsourcing, as Denmark has the highest tax rate in the world, which will force IBM to have higher prices, than what is offered abroad – l eaving them more vulnerable to the threat of outsourcing. Furthermore the introduction of changes in various services are not patentable (reference: http://www. mgutheses. org/page/? q=T%200984amp;search=amp;page=amp;rad=#43, page 32), meaning that the innovativeness of a company like IBM can easily be adopted by newcomers to the market.Also, as a service is not a manufactured product, but really a transaction of knowledge – it is hard to imagine that it is capital intensive to enter the service industry. Marketing mix â€Å"The marketing mix is an imperative concept in modern marketing and academically it is referred to as a set of controllable tools that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market, so it consists of everything the firm can do to influence the demand for its products† (Kotler and Armstrong 2004).The easiest way to understand the main aspects of marketing is through the famous 4P’s marketing, which was introduced and suggested by McCarthy in 1960 (reference: http://university-essays. tripod. com/marketing_mix. html). It includes marketing strategies of product, price, placement and promotion. It is however interesting if this also applies to a company that sells services and not a material product. Given the unique and distinguishing features of the service industry, researchers have offered different models and approaches to the marketing of services.It is suggested that services marketing does not only include external marketing reaching the customers, but also an internal marketing strategy to motivate the employees (reference: A service quality model and its implications, Christian Gronross, vol 18, No. 4, 1984, pp. 36-44). Figure 2 – The triangle model of services marketing Company Internal MarketingExternal Marketing Employees Customers Interactive Marketing As stated above the internal marketing is for the company to motivate their employees to serve its customers in the best possible way.External marketing is when the company makes its service available to its customers to increase the demand. The interactive marketing involves to the effort of employees to win customers loyalty in the process of their interaction with the customers in delivering the services. This must be closely related to internal marketing. In IBM DK, the consultants and salespeople are paid partly in a fixed salary scheme and a variable scheme depending on their results. Furthermore these same IBM representatives will receive an annual bonus, if IBM on the given project has reached a certain percentage of profit.These incentives through salaries and bonuses can be associated to what we clarify as internal marketing. For the external marketing side – the traditional marketing mix as we know them through the 4p’s can also be applied on services marketing as they are applied on tangible goods. But it is discussed to be difficult. Which is why for services marketing, a modified marketing mix has been developed. The services marketing mix comprises 7p’s and these include the following: * Product * Price * Place * Promotion * People * Process * Physical evidenceIt is important to look closer at some of these P’s, which will be done in the following. Product: The most important question to be asked here is â€Å"are these the right products or services for our customers today†? IBM continues to be the leading innovator on the market, spending billions of dollars every year in their research centers providing their customers with the newest technologies and always making sure that the quality of the products is of IBM’s usual reputed quality. Price: As anyone ca n imagine the price of the service provided is essential for whether or not IBM wins the customer over.As soon as the appropriate experts has analyzed the pre project resources that is to be needed for the project he informs the pricing department. The pricer then based on these assumptions, inflation, currency differences, management desired PTI % (pre tax income), and our cost case calculated a price that is then been presented to the customer. Promotion: When promoting their services IBM first make rational decions on which businesses to approach. Then they divide their promotion into how big the markets are, e. g a segment could be small and medium business†. Within a specific constituency market, IBM first identifies which businesses make the most sense to connect with. Then, the IBM determines the most efficient way to reach each of them. whether through individualized marketing or a creative combination of IBM’s go-to-market strategies† IBM also enters the business community through professional associations and organizations. Such groups generate interest in IBM and may even help IBM identify new business partners. By sponsoring and participating with them, IBM is able to communicate its message of value to the member businesses.Furthermore IBM through their marketing incentives has adopted a more emotional approach in the way they promote themselves. Rai Cockfield VP Market development states that all people prior to purchase asks the following â€Å"Does this product or service meet my need? Is the company reputable? And is the price reasonable? † Today, he adds a more pressing question, â€Å"Are you reaching me in the way that I see myself? ‘ â€Å"That’s what endears a person to a company and a product,† he says. (reference: http://www-03. ibm. com/employment/us/diverse/50/ads. html. ) People: An important ingredient to any service provision, is as we have discussed above having qualified personnel. Recruiting the right staff and people and training them appropriately in the delivery of services is essential if IBM wants to continue having their competitive advantage. Providing a service is partly the quality of the service and the quality of the people that delivers it, as these are in constant contact with the customer. As mentioned above, IBM has had university partnerships in order to recruit students. Process:When selling their services IBM has two processes. Either the customer comes to IBM looking for an offer on a service they need provided. IBM then sends the appropriate people to analyse the resources that are needed to provide this service. An offer is then presented to the customer. A different process is when we have existing customers, the client manager is responsible for looking for new business services that we can provide them. And then the process starts over, in regards to presenting an offer after calculating the resources we need for the project.Conclusion IBM wants to be the leader on the Danish market. And in terms of their size we can conclude that they are close to being just that. From the SWOT analysis above we saw that IBM has the needed experience and size to be one of the biggest consultancy houses in the country and in the world. Furthermore with the increasing focus on the environment IBM has the possibility to be the leading innovator for greener solutions – an opportunity that they have successfully capitalized on through their continued research for more environmental solutions.However despite IBM being a big player on the Danish services market, it is important that they reduce their high operating costs. By bringing Indian and other low cost consultants into the game, they have somewhat succeeded in doing this as these have lower salary rates. In the marketing of services we have concluded that an external marketing effort is not enough for successfully promoting itself. An internal marketing strategy is also essential for obtaining success. IBM must motivate its employees as these are the focalpoint to customer, in which case it is important that they are motivated and happy.In promoting and marketing themselves IBM has also realised that they in today’s world they must reach their custom ers on a more personal level, and not merely connect through reputation and price. Connecting with its customers on a personal level and delivering top quality services is what keeps IBM on top of their game and in even in rough financial times they have succeeded in being one of the top choices as business partner.References Websites:http://www. entrepreneur. om/marketing/article70824. html http://www.scribd. com/doc/10999474/IBM-Strategic-Analysishttp://www. simplemarketingblog. com/2009/06/sandy-carter-integrates-social-media. htmlhttp://www. itsma. com/ezine/analytics-optimize-marketing-mix/http://university-essays. tripod. com/marketing_mix. html How to cite Ibm Marketing Mix (Denmark), Papers

Management and organisational behaviour in Planning

Question: Discuss about the Management and organisational behaviour in Planning. Answer: Introduction Organisational behaviour is the study of human behaviour in an organisation, and the interaction between the organisation and the human behaviour. According to Mullins (2013), organisational behaviour can be divided into three ways such as micro level, meso level and macro level. The major principle of organisational behaviour is to achieve the organisational theory and also develop a greater conceptualisation of the organisational life. Therefore, it can be stated that central idea of the organisational behaviour is used for the purpose of human resource and employee engagement, which will in turn maximise the entire output of the organisation. On the other hand, organisational behaviour is helpful to understand the group and the individual performance as well as their activities within a company. This study will highlight the human behaviour in the working environment of Woolworths and will identify the effect on the organisational performance, communication, leadership and motivation etc. Woodet al.(2016) opined that internal and external perspectives are two relevant theories, which describe how the organisational behaviour can be measured by the performance of Woolworths. In addition, internal perspective is depending upon the employees behaviour and their personal feelings, communications, thoughts and experiences. On the other hand, external perspective is depending upon the environmental factors, which affect the individuals performance and behaviour. Woolworths is a supermarket chain in Australia. Woolworths is operating their business in the duopoly market. The Headquarter of Woolworths is at New South Wales, Australia. Number of employees is 11000 (Woolworthsgroup.com.au. 2017). In order to complete the study, the interviewer has conducted an interview on 3 managers of Woolworths. As the managers are busy with their operations, therefore, the interviewer has conducted the interview through telephone. This study will demonstrate the organisational planning, which is required to determine in order to achieve the business goal of the organisation. Time horizon is the primary aspect, with which Woolworths deliver the products to the consumers within the proposed time. In addition, pricing strategy is the other aspect, which is determined by Woolworths in order to satisfy the consumers (Mahembe and Engelbrecht2014). On the other hand, this study will demonstrate several leadership styles, which are following by the organisations in order to improve the organisational performance. Planning Theory Organisational planning is a procedure, which is helpful to focus on the ideas and decide on the approaches, which are required to follow Woolworths in order to meet the goal of the company. As opined by Rhoden (2016), planning is the vital level of all work place. However, the management of Woolworths has been following fail to plan, plan to fail in the organisational performance. In addition, Woolworths focuses to the time horizon and thus, they develops time frame for each of the work. Within the mentioned time frame, Woolworths tried to accomplish their projects. Therefore, each of the individual workers requires to provide their efforts as per the necessities. According to Mullins (2013), Woolworths requires to identify and organise the necessary resources and raw materials. If Woolworths supply excess raw materials for the production process, then it can be inferred that the organisation has to carry extra burden. This will in turn increase the overall cost structure of the products. In this point, it can be mentioned that supply of necessary amounts raw materials can improve the performance of an organisation. The organisation has planned to develop schedules with appropriate and specific milestones for achieving the goal of the organisation (Lee and Lee 2014). Woolworths has also planned to set appropriate prices of their products. Findings It is known that the objective of Woolworths is to deliver the products to the consumers within proposed time. After conducting the interview, the interviewer has identified that Woolworths has been planning mainly to deliver the manufacturing goods within the mentioned time. Therefore, time framework is the key aspect, which has been followed by Woolworths. In addition, the short-term goal of Woolworths is to provide higher quality of products at the best possible prices to the customers. As a result, the consumers are getting satisfied with their service and thus, Woolworths has planned to open more outlets around Australia. According to AlNasseriand Aulin (2016), it can be mentioned that organisational planning can increase the productivity of the organisation and the consumers will be satisfied. Therefore, the organisation has planned to expand its business. Hence, the revenue earning by Woolworths will be increased. In the opinion of Gelenset al. (2014), by following this organi sational planning Woolworths will be capable to achieve business goal. Moreover, Woolworths also implement innovative techniques in order to improve the performance of Woolworths. Analysis The main concern of Woolworths is to deliver the products to their consumers within the proposed time. This is the ideal practice of the organisation to satisfy their consumers. As a result, they also want to maintain a long-term relationship with the company (Contrafattoand Burns 2013). It can be mentioned that the long-term goal of Woolworths is to achieve the environmental needs. Therefore, they want to sustain organisational growth within the social development. Based on the organisational planning, which have discussed in previous, Woolworths has focused on four organisational strategies. The strategies are to be a consumer centric business, to be a higher brand value driven business, to develop strong and greater profitable consumer relationship, to enable multi-channel world. As per the statement of Lozano, Ceulemansand Seatter (2015), Woolworths has aimed to motivate the employees and also provide them necessary training in order to update their knowledge and skills. On the o ther hand, other important aspect is to determine the pricing structure of the products. As Woolworths always tries to give priority to the consumers, therefore, they set lower prices of the products, so that the consumers can afford to purchase it. As a result, pricing strategy is one of the important organisational strategies, which is required to determine in order to increase the profitability statement of the organisation (AlNasseri and Aulin2016). Organising Theory In order to improve the performance of an organisation, Woolworths has planned to develop a team. According to Alfeset al. (2013), teamwork can increase theproductivity of the organisation. The definition of organising can arrange different elements into a sequential structure or order. This will in turn implies assembling of necessary resources to achieve the organisational objectives. Therefore, it can be mentioned that this is an organisational goal oriented process, which highlights the organisational effectiveness and efficiency. On the other hand, Chumget al. (2016) cited that organising is the managerial program, which is needed to carry out and also required to determine in order to achieve the business goal. Organising is also associated with the human resources and the other organisational assets such as strategy, technology and environment. On the other hand, organising at the level of organisation includes an inference about the feasibility of departmentalise within the departments to efficiently coordinate the effort. According to De Vriesand Van der Poll (2016), there are several ways of departmentalise, which include organising with the help of activities, product or with the consumers. Woolworths has used several approaches of departmentalisation. Therefore, in a synopsis, it can be mentioned that organising is a method, which involves integration, balancing and the coordination of the organisational function and can combine the employees in order to achieve the business goals. Findings From the interview, it can be noticed that the management of Woolworths have keep their faith on the team development. The organising process of Woolworths has developed a relationship with the employees by assigning tasks to the eligible employees (Lozano, Ceulemansand Seatter2015). It is because when Woolworths has assigned tasks to the staffs, they become responsible towards the tasks and perform it efficiently. In addition, the procedure of organising has raised to a network of authority responsibility associations between the members of the company. This network of organisational authority responsibility connection is known as organisation structure. Woolworths has aimed to two broad classifications such as organising as a process and organising as a structure. On the other hand, Mahembeand Engelbrecht (2014) opined that organising is a continuous method and in order to achieve the business goal, Woolworths requires to maintain a consistency in their performance. Therefore, it c an be stated that organising is essential for achieving the organisational goals. In this context, Woolworths is able to determine the distribution, finance, production, organisational operation etc. Analysis Organising is associated with the mechanism, which is helpful to achieve the organisational planned objectives. Therefore, Woolworths has been providing a framework within which several activities have performed by the managers of the organisation significantly. Organising procedure is used within the organisation in order to maintain and achieve the coordination among the organisational staffs. This is the ideal organising practice followed by Woolworths. As per the statement of Hyde, Harris and Boaden (2013), with the help of organising, the performance of the employees can be connected with the functioning of each of the departments. In addition, organising is depending upon the concept of work division of Woolworths, which leads to the specialisation. The organising process of Woolworths has aimed to achieve higher effectiveness as it is benefitted to make significant utilisation of the physical resources. In the words of Lee and Lee (2014), it can be stated that Woolworths is ab le to promote development of the employees and the management can take necessary decisions and is able to tackle the difficult situation. It also helped to boost up employees morale. Leading Theory Leadership is helpful to focus to the management approach, which works towards what is suitable for the organisation and for the stakeholders. Their leading power of the organisational leaders will be able to reflect the performance of the individual employees. In the opinion of Odetunde (2013), a leader is assumed to be someone having clear vision, which is required to follow in order to achieve the goal of the business. On the other hand, it can be menti0oned that keeping mind the business objectives, the leaders implement organisational strategies and also formulate plans. Therefore, Contrafatto and Burns (2013) mentioned that three dimensions of leadership are what to do, how to meet the vision and who will be idea to carry out the strategies? Figure 1: Three strategies of leadership (Source: Created by author) There are five types of leadership style such as Laissez faire, autocratic, participative, transactional and transformational, which can be followed by the organisations. The laissez faire leader will be able to identify the organisational shortcomings and then supervise and motivate the performance of employees in order to improve their individual performance (Hyde,Harris and Boaden2013). In this type of leadership approach, it can be observed that no leadership or no supervision efforts will be received from the managers, which will in turn lead to the poor production along with the increasing cost structure. On the other hand, in case of autocratic leadership style, the managers of an organisation do not involve the employees in the decision making process. The participative leadership style is the adverse leadership style of autocratic. In the participative or democratic leadership style, the managers allow the employees to take part in the decision making process. As a result, Bourne (2016) cited that participative leadership style can boost up the performance of the employees. As per the transactional leadership style, the leaders are willing to provide awards or also punished the employees based on their performance. Therefore, the employees receive awards after accomplishing the business goal. On the other hand, transformational leadership style is depending upon the higher level of communication between the management and the employees to achieve the business goals (Contrafatto and Burns 2013). Findings After conducting the interview with the managers of Woolworths, it can be observed that Woolworths has followed participative or democratic leadership style. Therefore, Idenand Eikebrokk (2015) opined that the subordinates of Woolworths has the opportunity to take part in the decision making process of the organisation. This leadership style considers the subordinates contributors in any type of organisational performance. As a result, the innovation, creativity, honesty has reflected in the performance of the employees. Analysis In the words of Longoni (2014), democratic leadership style is helpful to solve the complex organisational issues. The organisation would have the potential to work collaboratively, therefore, in case of complex and strategic problems, the democratic leader of Woolworths could take efficient decisions. Moreover, it can be mentioned that greater communication skill between the management and the employees of Woolworths has improved and this would in turn reflect the individual performance of the employees. In addition, creative environment is helpful to increase productivity of the organisation. The bonding between the team members and the managers would also increase. However, Young (2015) argued that Woolworths sometimes faced difficulties during the decision making process. The employees sometimes provide several opinions and it would be difficult to take one single decision. If this situation arises, Tamtaand Rao (2016) mentioned that democratic leadership approach is comparative time consuming. Therefore, the management requires comparatively more time to take decision. However, it can be concluded that democratic leadership is an ideal style to lead the organisation and can improve the employees performance. Controlling Theory Controlling is one of the important tools, which can check the errors in the organisational operation and take corrective action. Therefore, deviation from the standards would be minimised and organisational goals can be achieved in a predicted way. According to Dikshit and Dikshit (2014), it can be mentioned that controlling is a foreseeing activity where the previous concepts of control were used after detecting the errors. Hence, it can be mentioned that control in management is helpful to determine the standards, measuring the actual performance and then take correct action. The four major elements of controlling are: The organisational characteristics can be controlled The sensor The comparator The activator The first element such as characteristics system is able to measure the existing correlation within the organisational operation process. This can also measure how the system is performing (Idenand Eikebrokk2015). This characteristic is the output of the entire system during the stage of processing. With the help of second tool, an organisation can measure the characteristics of the operation. The third element of organisational controlling can determine the necessity of further correction within the business performance. It is an important indicator, which can mitigate the loopholes to improve the performance of the organisations. Changet al. (2016) added that it will involve an essential preventive action, which highlights that good control can achieve the goal of the organisation. Lastly, the activator element is the corrective action, which can return the system to the expected output level. Findings From the interview, it can be identified that the managers of Woolworths are able to identify the new challenges and mistakes of the organisational functions. Moreover, the interviewer has understood that controlling is the last approach of planning, organising, staffing as well as directing. In addition, the management control of Woolworths can determine the standards of the performance of employees; evaluate the actual performance of the employees and also compare this actual performance with the organisational standards. After identifying the differentiation, the managers of Woolworths have planned to take corrective plan (Ibrahimet al. 2015). In this way, Woolworths is able to accomplish the organisational goal. Apart from this, the managers of Woolworths would able to improve the employee motivation as well as also facilitate the coordination in action. Therefore, Woolworths has arranged award program to the best employee. This would in turn motivate the employees to improve the ir performance. Analysis As per the theory of controlling, it can be observed that the organisations aimed to facilitate and motivate the employees. Hence, Woolworths follows to arrange award program in order to enhance the level of motivation of the staffs. In this point, it can be assumed that this organisational strategy is the best practice to understand how the managers successfully manage the Woolworths organisational operation (Wong, Mahmud and Omar 2015). Conclusion The major concern of this study is to highlight the organisational behaviour of Woolworths. Therefore, three managers of this organisation have been chosen on which the interview has been conducted. The interviewer has set 4 open ended questions. Based on their responses, the interviewer has identified that the organisation has focused to the time horizon in order to deliver the products to the consumers. On the other hand, after the interview method, it can be noticed that Woolworths has followed democratic leadership style in their organisation. This proves that Woolworths has given priority to the employees, so that they can take part in the decision making process. In this purpose, the managers of the organisation have aimed to make a greater communication with the subordinates. Lastly, it can be observed that Woolworths has implemented innovative techniques and organisational strategies in order to achieve the goal of the business. As a result, the managers of the organisation i nferred that the revenue earning of the organisation has increased. The profitability statement of Woolworths would be also increased. Recommendation In order to improve the performance of Woolworths, it can be recommended that Woolworths also require to implement the strategy of fair price policy. In this context, it can be mentioned that along with the implementation of ideal time horizon, the organisation also requires to set the price of the product cheap, so that the consumers can afford the price and purchase the products. If Woolworths set higher prices of the products, then the overall sales of the organisation will be decreased. As Woolworths is belonging to a duopoly market and Coles is the major competitor of Woolworths, therefore, the sales of Woolworths will be declined. As a result, the financial position of the organisation within the Australian retailing industry will be decreased. References Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model. The international journal of human resource management, 24(2), pp.330-351. AlNasseri, H.A. and Aulin, R., 2016. Understanding Management Roles and Organisational Behaviour in Planning and Scheduling Based on Construction Projects in Oman. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 21(1). Bourne, L., 2016.Stakeholder relationship management: a maturity model for organisational implementation. CRC Press. Chang, K., Chang, K., Nguyen, B., Nguyen, B., Cheng, K.T., Cheng, K.T., Kuo, C.C., Kuo, C.C., Lee, I. and Lee, I., 2016. HR practice, organisational commitment citizenship behaviour: A study of primary school teachers in Taiwan. Employee Relations, 38(6), pp.907-926. Chumg, H.F., Seaton, J., Cooke, L. and Ding, W.Y., 2016. Factors affecting employees' knowledge-sharing behaviour in the virtual organisation from the perspectives of well-being and organisational behaviour.Computers in Human Behavior, 64, pp.432-448. Contrafatto, M. and Burns, J., 2013. Social and environmental accounting, organisational change and management accounting: A processual view. Management Accounting Research, 24(4), pp.349-365. De Vries, H. and Van der Poll, H.M., 2016. The influence of Lean thinking on organisational structure and behaviour in the discrete manufacturing industry.Journal of Contemporary Management, 13(1), pp.55-89. Dikshit, A.Y. and Dikshit, P.A., 2014. An Empirical Study Of Voluntary Organisational Behaviour: Investigating relationship between personnel Psychology counterproductive work behaviour. ZENITH International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 4(3), pp.64-76. Gelens, J., Hofmans, J., Dries, N. and Pepermans, R., 2014. Talent management and organisational justice: employee reactions to high potential identification. Human Resource Management Journal, 24(2), pp.159-175. Hyde, P., Harris, C. and Boaden, R., 2013. Pro-social organisational behaviour of health care workers.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(16), pp.3115-3130. Ibrahim, R., Aziz Amin, A., Ghani, M.A., Hashim, N. and Salleh, M., 2015. Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Readiness: A Demographic Study on Local Government Employees in Southern Region of Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences Humanities, 23. Iden, J. and Eikebrokk, T.R., 2015. The impact of senior management involvement, organisational commitment and group efficacy on ITIL implementation benefits.Information Systems and e-Business Management, 13(3), pp.527-552. Lee, H.H. and Lee, C.Y., 2014. The effects of total quality management and organisational learning on business performance: evidence from Taiwanese insurance industries. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 25(9-10), pp.1072-1087. Longoni, A., 2014. Sustainable operations strategies: the impact of human resource management and organisational practices on the triple bottom line. Springer. Lozano, R., Ceulemans, K. and Seatter, C.S., 2015. Teaching organisational change management for sustainability: designing and delivering a course at the University of Leeds to better prepare future sustainability change agents. Journal of Cleaner Production, 106, pp.205-215. Mahembe, B. and Engelbrecht, A.S., 2014. The relationship between servant leadership, organisational citizenship behaviour and team effectiveness.SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 40(1), pp.01-10. Mullins, L.J., 2013. Management and Organisational Behaviour. UK: Pearson. Odetunde, O.J., 2013. Influence of transformational and transactional leaderships, and leaders' sex on organisational conflict management behaviour. Gender and Behaviour, 11(1), pp.5323-5335. Rhoden, M., 2016.Construction Management and Organisational Behaviour.John Wiley Sons. Tamta, V. and Rao, M.K., 2016.The effect of psychological contract fulfilment on organisational justice, work engagement and knowledge sharing behaviour.International Journal of Management Concepts and Philosophy, 9(4), pp.283-305. Wong, S.C., Mahmud, M.M. and Omar, F., 2015.Spiritual leadership values and organisational behaviour in Malaysian private institutions of higher education.Pertanika Journal Social Sciences Humanities, 23(2), pp.495-507. Wood, J.M., Zeffane, R.M., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Morrison, R., Factor, A., McKeown, T., Schermerhorn, J.R., Hunt, J.G. and Osborn, R.N., 2016.Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd.. Woolworthsgroup.com.au. (2017).Woolworths Group: Quality Brands and Trusted Retailing. Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/ [Accessed 26 Jan. 2017]. Young, M., 2015. Project Management Research: social Dimensions and organisational Context. Designs, Methods and Practices for Research of Project Management, p.19.

Use of Accounting Software For a Manufacturing Unit

Question: Discuss about theUse of Accounting Software for a Manufacturing Unit. Answer: Introduction: Significance of Accounting Software It has become almost mandatory for every business organisation to have accounting software which can record the business transactions and carry out other important functions like invoicing, collection and disbursement of payments, stock valuation, and providing reports like profit and loss account, balance sheet to analyze the financial position of the business. There are many companies which provide accounting software according to the needs of the business. Some of them include Myob, QuickBooks, and Zero. A business may choose from the available options depending upon its business needs and the functionalities provided by the software. Transactions and Events in a Manufacturing Concern A manufacturing firm is involved in production of goods which it sells to earn profits. The events in a manufacturing set up normally comprise of purchase of raw material, processing the material to convert it into a finished product. Next event is selling of the finished product. Apart from sale of goods, the payment to employees is another event. For carrying out the business transactions, a company needs finance, obtaining and paying for the loan is yet another event. For the Kiama based manufacturer of dairy products also above events will take place. In carrying out the above events, various economic transactions take place, some of which are mentioned below: Purchase of raw material for a dairy manufacturer, the raw material would be milk which will be purchased from a farm owning cows. The purchase may be made in cash or credit. Cash is paid for immediately and credit purchases are paid later as per the terms of credit. Conversion of raw material into finished goods the milk will be converted to yogurt and cheese. For this fermentation will be carried out on the milk. Before the product is finished, it may be in work in process inventory. Hence, the business needs to record the stock of the material at its cost using an appropriate stock valuation method. In this case, the manufacturer may stock the cheese. Sale/return of finished products once the product is manufactured, in this case cheese and yogurt, the manufacturer will sell these products. The transaction will be recorded in the accounting books with information like sales amount, name if the buyer. An invoice will be generated to be issued to the buyer. If the payment is not collected on the spot, a debtors account will be created and the payment whenever received will be recorded accordingly. Payment of salaries/wages to employees the company may pay the employees on a periodic basis. The company makes payment to the employees either through cash or check. In paying the staff, the firm deducts tax at source to be paid to the government; hence another transaction is to pay taxes to government. Financing the manufacturer may want to acquire a loan to finance its business transactions. Hence, receiving of cash, payment of interest and repayment of debt are various transactions that will take place for the event. Purchase of assets for carrying out the business activities, a firm will need assets like the dairy manufacturer will require equipments to convert milk into cheese. Payment of tax a manufacturer normally makes two types of tax payments. One is the tax on sale of goods and the other is the tax on behalf of employees deducted at source. For recording the above transactions, a company may either depend on manual accounting or purchase accounting software which will help in recording the above transactions Accounting Software vs. Manual Books Every transaction that takes place must be recognized, classified and documented. The entries should be recorded in a journal and the various accounts being affected by the transaction should be updated. All the journal entries should be posted in the various ledger accounts. At the end of the accounting period, a trial balance should be prepared with the help of ledger to see if the debit equals credit or not. Therefore with the help of trial balance financial statements like profit and loss account, balance sheet and statement of cash flows should be prepared. Under manual accounting, the above accounting cycle is prepared by the employees on a period basis. Under computerized accounting, only the recording of transactions needs to be done by employees i.e. entering the data and rest all the steps of accounting cycle like generating invoices, making of financial reports is automatically prepared by the software. There are many advantages of accounting software over manual book keeping some of which are discussed below: Speed and Accuracy accounting software is faster as far as entering information is concerned. The built in database of suppliers and customers helps in quick data entry. There is more accuracy as there is only one entry required per transaction whereas in manual accounting two to three entries are made for each transaction. Automatic document production documents like invoices, purchase orders, credit notes, payroll documents are all done automatically in the accounting software whereas in manual accounting, separate print outs have to be taken for each document. (Weber, NA) Real time information an accounting software helps in providing information real time i.e. it can create reports before the accounting period so that the current financial position can be determined. Under manual accounting, reports are prepared at the end of the accounting period. Also the information can be made available to different users at the same time which is not possible with manual accounting. Management information various useful reports are produced by accounting software which are useful to the managers in monitoring and controlling business. Important reports include financial statements, debtors and creditors ageing, stock valuation report etc. these reports have to be prepared manually under manual accounting which is very time consuming. (Hadler, NA) Cost savings there are cost savings in terms of staff, audit expenses as records are neat and up to date. Efficiency use of accounting software increases efficiency as better inventory control and debt collection reports help in improving cash flow. Also time and resources wasted in recording all entries is avoided. GST/VAT return the software creates automatic figures of GST and VAT returns based on the accounting transactions so no time is wasted whereas under manual accounting, tax figures need to be calculated manually. (Opentuition, 2016), (Meall, 2010) Sales Cycle of Manufacturing Firm When a company makes sales, there are a series of transactions that take place. Based on these transactions, the journal entries are recorded in the accounting software. So when the dairy manufacturer makes sales, the following transactions cycle will take place: Creating sales order when there is sale of any item like cheese or yogurt, a sales order is created in the accounting software. The customer is located on the software and a sales order is created by entering the quantity and delivery date and any applicable GST and customers ABN is automatically updated. The Sales Order Functionality helps to Track the Merchandise that has been Delivered and How Much is Left to be Delivered. Converting sales order to sales invoice the sales order is converted into sales invoice at the time of delivery of sales merchandise. Only when sales invoice is created, the sales journal entries are posted in the respective ledgers. The customer account balance is automatically updated. Recording credit sales if the sale is on credit, the credit sales invoice is created in the software. Recording part cash and part credit sales the total sales is recorded in the sales item and then a cash receipt is recorded separately receipts payments window. Collection of accounts receivable after a credit sale is made, next step in the cycle is to receive the money. There are two steps in this process: Recording the receipt of money received from the customer Recording the deposit of money in the bank account Sales returns sales may be returned by the customer. This is recorded in the software in two steps: First a credit note is created by creating a negative invoice Then the credit note is applied to an existing invoice (Perdisco, 2016) Risks of Using Manual set of Accounts In todays world, most of the business organisations have switched over to electronic software as using manual set of accounts poses risks and costs for a business. One of the greatest risks is loss of books of accounts due to fire or theft. If the records are lost, the business may go for a toss. Also it is very time consuming and there are great chances of human error. In electronic accounting, accuracy is higher as all records can be pulled from the software itself. Manual accounting becomes tedious as it is a routine work and may get boring. Hence it is advisable to use accounting software which has a cost to it but the advantages derived are more than the costs and hence is recommended. References Weber, A, (NA), Manual Accounting Versus Computerized Accounting, accessed online on 21st July, 2016, available at https://www.experience.com/alumnus/article?channel_id=accountingsource_page=breaking_inarticle_id=article_1173385201144 Hadler, G., (NA), The Advantages of using Computerised Accounting Software, accessed online on 21st July, 2016, available at, https://www.itseducation.asia/computerized-accounting.htm Perdisco, (2016), Sales Command Centre, Myob Learning Centre, accessed online on 21st July, 2016, available at, https://www.perdisco.com/au/myobLearning/sales/ openTuition.com, (2016), Types of Business Transactions and Documentation, accessed online on 21st July, 2016, available at, https://opentuition.com/fia/fa1/types-of-business-transactions/ Meall, L., (2010), Online Accounting Software, Chartec Software Product Guide, Information Technology Faculty, ICAEW

The One System You Should Be Using for Examples of College Essay Topics Exposed

The One System You Should Be Using for Examples of College Essay Topics Exposed The Little-Known Secrets to Examples of College Essay Topics It's possible to just write about your extracurricular pursuits. Many students have a tendency to encounter the writing issues due to the shortage of suitable comprehension. Thus, the essay is supposed to coincide with the applicant's qualities and interests in order for it to boost the probability of admission. Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to individuals who are rather interested in how you'll take care of the subsequent four years all on your own. Whatever They Told You About Examples of College Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why Colleges can tell whenever your essay is simply a form essay. Essays may look very dull sometimes. Making an essay isn't an easy job. You're able to access the writer who's writing your essay directly so which you can make any correction. In the event the reader doesn't find the topic interesting they are not as likely to read your whole essay. Before starting an essay, it is necessary to understand what you're writing for. The sports essay is predictable and ought to be avoided, if at all possible. Some courses of studies ask you to write about a topic that is contained in the curriculum. It's therefore important to thoroughly consider different college essay topics. Because you are interested in getting the essay to communicate the very best information about you, you have to do thorough preparation for the sample college admission essays to accomplish its purposes. Our admission essay examples can prove that we're here in order to provide simply the ideal assistance to assure you which you submit an application essay that you may be confident in. How to Get Started with Examples of College Essay Topics ? With essay outline, essays will stop writer to get off topic or jumping from 1 argument to some other argument that doesn't relate with what it is you are discussing. You need to be very careful when choosing an essay topic. There are a lot of essay examples here that provide the suitable structure and substance that will help you quickly compose an outstanding essay. Informative essay examples may be used for references. Here's What I Know About Examples of College Essay Topics To begin with, your motivation for a writer is affected by the essay topic you opt for. As soon as you realize that topic, it's about writing and rewriting. Or perhaps you strive to write like a specific author one day. Application writing isn't the close of the world and you'll be able to prepare for it. Try to remember, the point of the essays is to demonstrate the admissions officers something they can't garner from the remainder of your application. It is easily one of the most difficult parts of the college application process. An application essay is among the main components in the university application procedure. The Basic Facts of Examples of College Essay Topics It's possible to write a very simple essay on the suitable age to vote or suitable age to be in a position to purchase alcohol. As a consequence, spending money to take care of your essays could possibly be challenging. Thus, to write a great essay you need to brainstorm all thoughts concerning your life experiences. Persuasive essay topics don't always need to be of a critical nature, you can write about things which are linked in your life. The Awful Secret of Examples of College Essay Topics On the flip side, the thought of citing seem not so challenging when do not have any ideas about what to write. When choosing for a topic, make certain that there is a good quantity of things which you can speak about with the topic. Obviously, you can decide on any topic, nobody could possibly know that yo u're describing experience that you never actually had, but don't forget that it is always simpler to tell the truth than to invent lies. Opt for a distinctive topic that others may not think of, and whatever you select, make sure that you know a lot about it! What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Examples of College Essay Topics The structure may also differ, but this is a distinct question to discuss. For a beginning, the typical application essay topics need you to use language that's totally free from language flaws and grammatical mistakes. Use transition words to get your text coherent and simple to read. Possibly a philosophical text really elucidates your present-day paradigm. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Examples of College Essay Topics If you choose you need to chat about one of the cliche essay topics mentioned previously, a fantastic means to tell a more prevalent story is to concentrate on one specific moment and build from that point. Although you're just beginning to compose essays, you shouldn't struggle attempting to develop something to discuss. Bear in mind you may make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. An excellent sample college essay isn't the simplest thing to find online, where anyone with a keyboard and a blog can post something which purports to be a quality, absolutely free essay. If quality work is all you want, you should look at giving us an opportunity to follow you and supply you with college essay help that will provide you with value for each and every penny you pay. You're attempting to show colleges your very best self, therefore it might appear counterintuitive to willingly acknowledge a time you struggled. Fine, but you must be ready to write whatever you really feel like writing from a college that might not be your first option. Perhaps you are reluctant to find help because you were once conned by means of a scam on-line help.

How to Write a Stereotype Essay

How to Write a Stereotype EssayIf you are thinking about writing a stereotype essay, you will find that it is not as easy as you might think. You might think that the stereotypical essay is really nothing more than ranting and raving about the subject, but you'd be wrong. In fact, you have to know the person in order to write a good one. Here are some tips to help you create a good stereotype essay.Get to know the topic. The main thing you need to know is what your subject is before you even start writing the essay. This is because you are dealing with a group of people who fall into one of many different categories. If you're writing a stereotype essay about race, for example, then you need to know the difference between Asian, Hispanic, African-American, etc. When you get a feel for the topic, you'll find that the process of writing is much easier.Learn how to write a stereotype. You'll also want to understand how the stereotype is defined so that you know what type of argument you will be making. You need to know what the characteristics of that particular group are, which is where knowing the stereotypes comes in.Create and arrange your facts and proof. You need to do a little research on your own to begin with, and then use this information to prove that you know the facts about the group and their behaviors. You need to be able to show that your points are true.Make sure that you are not biased. Try to keep the focus on the stereotyped group rather than on yourself or your own group. By making a stereotype essay on your own, you can ensure that you are not inadvertently making the argument about yourself or your group and showing bias.Avoid arguing from a personal point of view. Try to avoid using your own opinions about the group, as this could easily reflect bias. If you are writing a stereotype essay about Mexicans, try to look at a variety of different viewpoints and opinions before making any kind of judgment on the group's value. You may find that t his will help you write a better essay overall.Use examples. While you can't research every group in the world, you can use examples to show how stereotyping can happen. This is especially true when you are writing a stereotype essay on an ethnic group. Instead of talking about the group as a whole, it is helpful to break it down into smaller groups that may work better for you and your essay.In the end, you need to remember that everyone has their own opinion about an issue. Even when writing a stereotype essay, you have to remember that there is no right or wrong answer. You just need to find the facts and proof that you need to show that the opinions you are sharing are accurate.

How to Give Me Some Counseling Topics to Write a Research Paper On

How to Give Me Some Counseling Topics to Write a Research Paper OnResearch papers are easy to write when you know some tips on how to give me some counseling topics to write a research paper on. There are some areas that may be too technical or hard to understand, so I will always encourage the students to not hesitate to ask questions or guide them. This is really important as long as they are sincere about their effort to learn and prepare themselves for writing their own research papers.Research papers are very hard to write, especially when you are not used to writing. But, it is better if you will write about what you have learned from reading about some books or websites that contain topics about your topic. Now, when you are writing about the subject of your research paper, you can just use any language that you think is easier to read and write. Just be sure that you're using the English language for this. Since it is one of the most used languages in the world, there will be no doubt on how to write a research paper on the topic.You can always ask someone else or an expert for help when you are writing your research paper. I suggest you ask for the help of a thesis editor or even a school guidance counselor if your school does not offer this service. This is really important because it will surely give you some counseling topics to write a research paper on.Well, remember that everyone has their own way of looking at things and they may not agree with you on everything. So, you have to communicate well with other people that will help you get through the process. Communication is the key for success in writing a research paper.Now, the next thing that you can do is to gather some counseling topics to write a research paper on and then choose one. There are so many choices of topics that you can find online and they are all available for free. Just type in 'writing a research paper' in your search engine and you will find many places that offer advice o n this. Most of the counseling websites that you can find online will give you some counseling topics to write a research paper on, so you can just choose one from that list.Once you have chosen a topic, then you can move on to writing your research paper and you are ready to begin. Just be sure that you will put a good perspective about your topic so that people will think of it as their own. Make sure that you will place this topic in the beginning of your paper so that readers will have an idea of what the whole paper is about and what the whole topic of your paper is about.Counseling topics to write a research paper on can be found everywhere. Just take your time and look for the sites that offer topics and counseling.Make sure that you will be able to find a good site and counseling topics to write a research paper on, because you will need the help of an expert in this field in order to have a good essay to write. Now, once you have found a good topic, you can just write the p aper and you are all set.

Good Argument Topics For Essay Writing

Good Argument Topics For Essay WritingAs an English major, you have probably already chosen one or two good argument topics for essay writing. So, it's time to think about the main thesis of your topic and start working on it.Many students have a hard time working out how to bring together all these different things into a coherent argument. How do you think you will answer this question when you write your essay? You should make sure that you put all of the factors into consideration when you make your decision.First of all, you should always make sure that your essay topic is original. If it isn't original, you might as well forget about writing it. Your topic might be a good one, but you don't want to depend on it too much, or else it will not be very convincing. An example of a good argument topic would be the story of a black writer who worked for a publishing house, but he couldn't get any kind of recognition.So, he published his own book based on his own fact. In this case, he can say that he made a good argument for his subject. He can also write about his book, and if he wrote well, it might appeal to the reader.Another argument would be about how facts can be spun in a way that makes them more interesting. Sometimes, the writer can spin his information in such a way that they make sense. In this case, his information can be of great help in advancing the argument.Yet another good argument topics for essay writing would be the discussion about the influence of media and social networking. The big thing is that these topics don't have to be new ideas. They can just simply reflect the values of the time.Also, good argument topics for essay writing can actually make use of old concepts and ideas. Just because they are old doesn't mean that they are no longer relevant. You can re-imagine them in a new way and see how this can help you make an original and effective argument.