The issue of prostitution Essay Example for Free

The issue of prostitution Essay The issue of prostitution is usually treated and represented in two different ways – the adherents of traditional values unambiguously label this phenomenon as appalling vice that is in full discord with normal, let alone pious, life. They point out at the results the oldest profession produces on an individual who gives or gets that service, and on a society with all its moral principles, ethical standards, requirements and taboos. Sexually transmitted diseases, human trafficking, slavery, personal degradation and other by-products of prostitution are quite strong arguments for its prohibition or, at least, severe limitation. The second approach is liberal-like, it posits the legitimacy of prostitution appealing to the freedom of choice, pluralism, natural needs and even the inevitability of eradicating this kind of service. It is often said that women choose that occupation themselves, and men are not forced to visit them – everything is based on the free will of both parties, and the others, those who are not envolved in it, should not have any concerns for that. Nickie Roberts, for instance, writes that â€Å"it is implicit in the demand that the women have control over their own bodies that they also have their rights to sell their own sexual services, if they wish to† (qtd. in Jeffreys 129-130). Claiming to support freedom, such a position in fact justifies prostitution with the help of liberal, pluralistic rhetoric, and it does not seem to be sincere as it predominantly focuses on the apology of prostitution after general introductory declarations about freedom, choice etc. Thus, the prevailing argument in a pro-prostitution discourse is â€Å"choice†. Let us have a more careful look at the sphere of â€Å"sexual services† (ibid. ). Do all those women really appeared in that position completely voluntarily, or maybe they have been dreaming of that profession since their childhood and their dreams have successfully come true? I guess the 15-year-old girl from New York was not intending to be advertised on Craigslist for prostitution in Maryland, she was going to Montgomery County â€Å"for a modeling photo shoot† (Morse). There cannot be seen any free choice in Jasmine Caldwell’s returning to the street after escaping her pimp and being abused by a policemen as well (Kristof). And how many other adult and especially juvenile females are decoyed or forced into prostitution? They are not able to exercise their right to leave that sphere and lifestyle. These victims are the main imputation against justifying the sphere of sexual services. Some people regard any woman as a potential prostitute, e. g. in Schopenhauer’s Studies in Pessimism we may read – in the chapter â€Å"On women† – the statements like â€Å"it is also revolting that she [a woman] should spend her husband’s money with her paramours – the money for which he toiled his whole life long, in the consoling belief that he was providing for his children† and other ones emphasizing the base intentions and motives of the women (62-75). Although such statements are grounded on his experience, such generalizations are unfair, and they insult the dominant majority of women. The inevitability of prostitution, the fact that â€Å"street sweeps do not reduce prostitution† (Petrocelli), the legalization of brothels in Nevada (Powers) are not a reason to stop limiting and struggling with this detestable phenomenon of our life. It is far from being â€Å"victimless† (Goldman 92) and even those who are willingly engaged in such services do not feel safe as their basic rights are being constantly infringed (Slayton). Prostitution is a serious deviation from the natural demands and needs of women, it deprives them of matrimony, they do not experience the happiness of maternity, they are even bereft of a chance to be independent singles making real free choice at every moment of their life – what to do, where to go, when to have free time and the like. Beyond prostitution, a woman faces a prospect of multifarious lifestyles, manifold occupations and hobbies, various possibilities. Direct opposite is the life in the street – a dull, routine slavery that destroys both body and soul, and inflicts harm to the people around. Works Cited Goldman, Mimi. â€Å"Prostitution in America. † Crime and Social Justice 2 (1974): 90-93. Jeffreys, Sheila. The Idea of Prostitution. Melbourne: Spinifex, 2009. Kristof, Nicholas D. â€Å"Girls on our streets. † The New York Times. 6 May 2009. Web. 9 May 2010. http://www. nytimes. com/2009/05/07/opinion/07kristof. html? _r=1. Morse, Dan. â€Å"Montgomery police arrest three in human trafficking, prostitution cases. † The Washington Post. 2 March 2010. Web. 9 May 2010. http://voices. washingtonpost. com/crime-scene/montgomery/montgomery-police-three-human. html. Petrocelli, Joseph. â€Å"Street prostitution. † Police Magazine. 1 February 2009. Web. 9 May 2010. http://www. policemag. com/Channel/Patrol/Articles/2009/02/Street-Prostitution. aspx . Powers, Ashley. â€Å"Male prostitution is Nevada’s newest legal profession. † Los Angeles Times. 6 January 2010. Web. 9 May 2010. http://articles. latimes. com/2010/jan/06/nation/la-na-male-prostitutes6-2010jan06. Schopenhauer, Arthur. Studies in Pessimism. Trans. Bailey Saunders. New York: Cosimo, 2007. Slayton, Philip. â€Å"A trial in error? Why should a Toronto court decide Canada’s prostitution laws? † Macleans. 24 December 2009. Web. 9 May 2010. http://www2. macleans. ca/tag/prostitution-laws/ .

The Family And Contemporary Society | Analysis

The Family And Contemporary Society | Analysis A family can simply be defined as a group of people connected by blood or marriage. They can either be living together in a household, for example, a couple and their never married children living in one place as a family or are related based on blood but are not immediate family -for example, genetic relationships and this can simply be referred to as kin. According to the American anthropologist George Peter Murdock, The family is a social group characterised by common residence, economic cooperation and reproduction. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted, of the sexually cohabiting adults The two most common forms of family are nuclear family and extended family. The nuclear family comprises of a husband and a wife with one or more children, own or adopted. According to Murdock, the nuclear family is a universal social grouping which means, it is found in all societies. The extended family is a family structure which is often made up of three generations e.g. grandparents, parents and children. Basically, it is the extension of the nuclear family and this can be done in various ways. Unlike the western society marriage which is monogamous, that is, one wife and one husband, many other societies practice polygamous marriage where by a person can marry more than one wife or husband. It is found in many small-scale traditional societies, particularly in Africa. A part from that, families can be extended if for example grand parents, brothers and sisters of the married couple live in one household. This is mostly practiced by the Indian communities in the UK. During the pre-industrial period, societies were divided in to kinship groups called lineages, which consist of people descended from a common ancestor. Lineages may contain hundreds or even thousands of members, it is mostly found in traditional societies such as the Nuer of southern Sudan and the Bunyoro of western Uganda. Anyone in that group sees each other as relatives. The only source of livelihood was farming and livestock, for this reason; the most common family structure was extended families because, they work together and to some extent, they share domestic tasks and income. Any member is allowed to farm and graze their livestock in the land owned by the Lineages. People who would be seen as very distant relatives in western societies may be defined as close relatives within a lineage. According to the 19th century historical research by Michael Anderson (1971), the early stages of industrialisation may have encouraged the development of extended families. He found that 23% of working class households in Preston contained kin beyond the nuclear family. This was due to the fact that, there was widespread poverty, high birth and death rates and without welfare support from the government, people had to depend on their kin for care and support. The working class extended family continued well in to the 20th century. Michael Young and Peter Willmott defined an extended family after their study of Bethnal Green in the east end of London (1957) as a combination of families who to some large degree form one domestic unit. The family members does not have to share one household as long as they contact regularly and share services such as caring for children and elderly relatives. The industrial revolution gradually undermined and disrupted the existence of extended family because; men were increasingly drawn out of the home in to industrial employment. Long working hours and movement of individuals between different regions affected family socialisation. Despite that, low income working class areas such as Bethnal Green did not break their extended family ties up until the 20th century. By the 1970s, the family structure changed to home-centred and privatised nuclear family. Family life is focused on the home. Husband and wife depend on each other for companionship. During free time, they silently watch TV at home with less contact of the wider kinship network. According to Talcott Parsons, the isolated nuclear family is the typical form in modern industrial society, on the other hand, Michael Haralambos states in his book, Sociology in focus that, a number of sociologists argue that, the so called modern, self-sufficient and self-centred nuclear family process has been exaggerated and that nuclear family members still contact their extended kin when the need arises though the relationship is not as strong as those in the traditional extended family. According to Janet Finch and Jennifer Mason (1993) in their study of Greater Manchester, they found that, over 90% of the people they approached had given or received financial help from relatives and almost 60% had shared a household with an adult relative(not parents) at some time in their live. Finch and Mason also found that help was subject to negotiation and not a right However, the British Social Attitudes have disputed the above study after they conducted a survey representing adults aged 18 and over during 1986 and 1995. They were looking at frequency of contact with kin. They found out that people are less likely to visit or be visited by anybody at all, be it relative or friends because there was no evidence to show that friends have substituted relatives and a large number of women are working outside their home which resulted in 20% drop of seeing their mother at least once a week (McGlone et al, 1999). People from different backgrounds have different family structure from the indigenous population. For example, the Asian families in Britain have strengthened their ties with their family members more in reaction to lack of value attachment between British family members and their kin. They are worried of losing their values and culture. To help overcome that fear, they maintain links with their villages of origin in Asia. The main sociological theories of the family are functionalist, Marxists and feminists. Functionalists consider the nuclear form of family as the best type. They believe that family is a vital element at the heart of society and a good source of socialisation. However, they only endorse the nuclear family as the norm, idealistic and more home centred, whereas, they consider the other types of family as harmful. Functionalists see family as a social institution which is there for a purpose that is beneficial to both its members and society. According to Murdock (1949), the family is a universal institution with universal functions. Their theories contain strong arguments that are vital for the wellbeing of society. They argue that, the family help to stabilise the social system by monitoring or setting some limits on their members not engage in sexual relationships outside marriage with some societies completely forbidding such acts unless married. This helps to reduce conflict. The functionalists also see family as a unit of production, for example, a farming family produce food while here in the west, the family is a unit of consumption, families buy goods and services for the rest of their family members, therefore contribute to the economy and to the wider society. The most interesting point of the functionalists theory is that, the family is responsible for primary socialisation. The first year of our life is very crucial to the rest of our life and all that is made possible by the immediate family members. Murdock believes that, no society has succeeded in finding an adequate substitute for the nuclear family however, the American sociologist Talcott Parsons argues that, the nuclear family in the modern industrial society have become more specialised and unlike the pre-industrial societies, some family functions like looking after the elderly have been taken over by specialised institutions such as social services but he claims that they still perform the basic function which is, the primary socialisation of children. Despite the strengths of the functionalist theory, there are some weaknesses associated with their views of the family. The first one is that, they ignore the dark side of family life, for example, conflict between husband and wife, child abuse and male dominance etc. They also pay less attention on the harmful effects the family may have on the wider society. Unlike the Marxists, the functionalists never consider variations in family life based on class, ethnicity, religion and locality The second sociological theory of family which is Marxists concentrates on nuclear family as well but they reject the view that the family is there for the benefit of all, instead they see the family as maintaining the position of the ruling class. They believe that nuclear perpetuate capitalism and that the economy shapes the rest of society. In comparison to the functionalists, Marxists dont accept that the family is largely responsible for primary socialisation, instead they argue that, children are socialised in stereotypically predetermined roles. The Marxists strongly argue that, the status of the society is largely determined by the economy and the capitalist economic system will produce a certain type of society. Basically, they see the family as an institution which is twisted by the requirements of capitalism. According to Friedrich Engels, the modern nuclear family developed in capitalist society. They also pointed out the great inequalities of wealth and income in modern societies. A small minority of the population who privately own economic institutions like banks and factories rule the larger population who are workers. The workers produce goods and services and are paid wages. The Marxists argue that, the minority ruling class exploit the majority of the population by gaining at the workers expense through profit making. The fact that they only endorse nuclear form of family, they argue that, this solved inheritance disputes because there is no doubt about the paternity of the children unlike the monogamous nuclear family. Both functionalist and Marxists see the family as a unit of reproduction and socialisation of children. The weaknesses associated with the Marxists view are; they ignore the degree of stability in society, instead they concentrate on the idea of power and domination. They also undermine the role of women in the society. Sociologists agree to some extent that the economic system has some influence in the family. However, majority disagree with the Marxist view that the shape of the family is determined by the economic system. Unlike the Marxists and functionalists, the feminist which is the other sociological theory of the family, criticize the power of men over women. They argue that male dominate the family and that they often control key areas of decision making e.g. moving house. The two main types of feminists which are radical and Marxists have different point of view in regards to unfair treatment of women in the family. The radical feminists see male dominance influence the structure of society and as a result, there is widespread domestic violence of which women suffer most. They promote lesbianism. The Marxists feminists argue that women serve as cushion for the man to release their tension of the day and these inequalities resulted from class variation in capitalist society. The feminists strongly point out that, most of the unpaid domestic work is done by women irrespective of them working full time outside home or not. According to Delphy Leonard, 1992, Women make the main contribution to fa mily life, men receive the main benefits. They also argue that, in most cases, the wife gives up her work to care for the children and economically depend on her husband. Feminists base their view from negative perspective and ignore the positive side of family. It is possible that many women are happy to raise their children and do most of the housework. Feminists are criticised by some people as preaching hatred against men and undermining traditional gender roles. In modern societies, there is greater evidence of equality between partners but feminists are criticised for not acknowledging that progress but instead they still remain determined to address remaining inequalities. Contrary to Murdocks explanation of family which includes at least one adult of each sex, there is significant number of children who were raised by single parents or same sex parents living in a household. A woman with her dependent children, whether adopted or her own is a unit of family. There are a high number of single-parent families in Britain. According to Government statistics, in 1961, 2 percent of the population lived in households consisting of lone parent with dependent children. Lone parenthood can come about through different circumstances eg divorce, separation and death of spouse. In the case of unmarried partners with children break up, one of them will be a lone parent. There are a high number of divorced or separated couples who still keep in touch for the common interest of their children. They share responsibilities of raising their children; In this case they are described as co-parenting or joint parenting. Neal Smart, 1977 see it difficult to describe such s cenarios as lone-parent families. Some Sociologists suggest using the term lone-parent household rather than lone-parent family, this means, one of the parents does not share the same household with the rest but still contributes to the family. Becoming a lone parent is never the first option for both married couples but due to un avoidable circumstances, many choose to be lone parent than living in an unhappy relationship. According to Hantrais and Letablier(1996), Britain has the second highest rate of lone parenthood after Denmark in Europe. Another type of household is the Gay and Lesbian households. Contrary to Murdocks explanation of family, Gay and Lesbian households do not contain adults of both sexes but they can as well care for children from their past heterosexual relationships, adoption or may have been produced using new reproductive technologies. Diversification of family in modern societies was contributed by high divorce rate, decline of marriage rate and increase in the number of stepfamilies.

The World Of LSD :: essays research papers fc

A Guide to the â€Å"Not So† Wonderful World of LSD Discovery of LSD LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) come from a fungus that grows on rye and other grains. Albert Hofmann, working at Sandoz, a Swiss pharmaceutical company, produced LSD for the first time in 1938. He was hoping that it could be used to stimulate circulation and respiration, though this idea failed. Hofmann forgot about the new found drug, and didn’t use it for five years. In 1943 he accidentally ingested LSD and experienced some effects of the drug, such as visual distortion, dizziness and restlessness. He experienced the drug again, though this time not on accident. Forms of LSD LSD can come in many different forms. Three more common forms are paper blotter, liquid, & gelatin. Paper blotter, the most common form of all, comes divided into  ¼" squares called tabs. These tabs usually have between 30 - 100 ug of LSD. These papers are made by taking a sheet of absorbent paper, usually decorated, and soaking it with a dilution of LSD. All the dilutions are not the same, for the can vary greatly from batch to batch, LSD 2 and there is no way of telling exactly how much LSD is on it. Liquid LSD is usually water based, though it can be based with other solvents. A single drop of liquid LSD could be up to 50 times stronger the regular paper blotter because it is more than the normal dose. It is not all that common for people to sell liquid LSD because there is no way to be sure of it’s potency. It is usually stored in small dropper bottles. Gelatin LSD, also known as "window panes", is made by mixing liquid LSD with gelatin. It has to be formed into small, thin squares after that. A single gelatin tab usually has around 50 - 150 ug of LSD. This method of making LSD is generally better because it protects the LSD from being exposed to the air and sun, which can break down the drug. Cost of LSD When LSD is sold as paper blotter, the price usually ranges from 3 - 10 dollars per hit, though it can be more expensive depending on where it is sold. Being sold from friend to friend it is usually less, but places such as raves will sell it for more. Less common LSD will go for more money then blotter paper will.

Bottlenose Dolphins Essay -- Papers

Bottlenose Dolphins This essay is NOT formatted Bottlenose dolphins are among the most vocal of the nonhuman animals and exhibit remarkable development of the sound production and auditory mechanisms. This can be seen in audition, which is shown in the animal’s highly refined echolocation ability, and in tightly organized schools in which they live that are made up by sound communication. In testing the communication skills of dolphins, extensive studies have been done on vocal mimicry, in which the animal imitates computer-generated sounds in order to test motor control in terms of cognitive ability. Language comprehension on the other hand has been tested through labeling of objects, which has proven to be successful regarding the association of sound and object stimulus. The biggest question in dolphin communication, is whether or not the species is capable of intentional communicative acts. Though results from studies have been debatable, the key to understanding the extent to this â€Å"language† is to determine whether they have a repertoire of grammatical rules that generate organized sequences. In determining this, the greatest accomplishment for both the scientist and all of humanity, would be to accomplish interspecies communication, creating a bridge between humans and animals which could open up a new understanding of the unknown world of wildlife. Most importantly, it is necessary to understand the incredible aptitude of dolphin communicative skills, and the impressive intelligence the animal possesses which allows for a great deal of intraspecies and interspecies communication (Schusterman, Thomas, & Wood, 1986). The acoustical reception and processing abilities of the bot... ...eday. McCowan, B., Hanser, S. F., & Doyle, L.R. (1999). Quantitative tools for comparing animal communication systems: information theory applied to bottlenose dolphin whistle repertoires. Animal Behaviour, 57, 409-419. Popov, V. V., & Supin, A. Y. (1991). Interaural intensity and latency difference in the dolphin’s auditory system. Neuroscience Letters, 133, 295-297. Schusterman, R. J., Thomas, J. A., & Wood, F. G. (1986). Dolphin Cognition and Behavior: A Comparitive Approach. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. Shane, S. H. (1991). Smarts. Seafrontiers, 37, 40-43. Supin, A. Y., Popov, V. V., & Klishin, V. O. (1993). ABR Frequency Tuning Curves in Dolphins. Journal of Comparitive Psychology A, 173, 649-656. Tyack, P. L.,& Sayigh, L. S. (1989). These Dolphins Aren’t Just Whistling in the Dark. Oceanus, 32, 80-83.

Romeo And Juliet - The Role Of Love :: essays research papers

The modern literature community recognizes Shakespeare as one of the most brilliant minds in the history of dramatic theatre. His unmatched ability to represent human behavior and emotion makes the love in Romeo and Juliet the driving force behind the play's success. Shakespeare incorporated many different types of love in order to capture the hearts of the Elizabeth Era. Juliet's nurse shows amazing concern for the young girl's well being. She, in some ways, takes the place of her natural mother ("Examples of Love in Romeo and Juliet"). Lady Capulet treated Juliet as a naïve young girl with no knowledge and feelings of her own. Nurse recognized the maturity of Juliet and helped to make her truly content. During the entire traumatic experience of arranging a marriage between Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet, the nurse aided the two young lovers in their quest to be together. She acts as a messenger from Romeo, Juliet, and the friar ("Examples of Love in Romeo and Juliet"). Despite the nurse's efforts the plans go array because of the arranged marriage between Juliet and Paris. At this time, the nurse shows her love for Juliet once again. She goes to Juliet's defense and stands up to Lord Capulet by saying: "God in heaven bless her!/ You are to blame, my lord, to rate her so."(Act III, Scene 5, Line169-170). One is easily able to see the motherly care the nurse shows for Juliet in Romeo and Juliet. The counterpart to the love nurse displays for Juliet as a "mother" is the fatherly love the Friar gives to Romeo. The prince exiles Romeo because of his murder of Tybalt. This leaves the young man alone and scared of his future. The only person available to aid Romeo in his sufferings is the Friar. He tells the fugitive "Arise, one knocks/ Good Romeo, hide thyself" (Act III, Scene 3, Line 71). This shows that Friar puts himself at risk in order to make certain no harm comes to Romeo He provides insight to the situation at hand and helps Romeo to see the next course of action. Another example of fatherly love was shown through Lord Capulet to Juliet. He saw that his daughter was in great grief over the death of Tybalt and the exile of her love Romeo. He lovingly tries to ease her remorse by finding a husband for Juliet. He presents the arrangement in an attempt to lighten the spirits of his daughter:

Tylenol Crisis

Abstract Part 1: Crisis Scenario Development Develop a scenario describing a crisis situation. Possible topics for your scenario include school violence, workplace violence, terrorist attack, sexual assault, or natural disasters. Your scenario must include sufficient breadth and depth in terms of the details surrounding the incident you have chosen, to include: †¢Ã‚  Description of the crisis. †¢Ã‚  Description of the amount of damage. †¢Ã‚  Description of the victims (physical and psychological damage). †¢Ã‚  Information about the perpetrator(s).Project 1 Part 1 In October of 1982, Tylenol, the leading pain-killer medicine in the United States at the time, faced a tremendous crisis when seven people in Chicago were reported dead after taking extra-strength Tylenol capsules. It was reported that an unknown suspect put 65 milligrams of deadly cyanide into Tylenol capsules, 10,000 more than what is necessary to kill a human. The tampering occurred once the product r eached the shelves. They were removed from the shelves, infected with cyanide and returned to the shelves (Mitchell, 1989).In 1982, Tylenol controlled 37 percent of its market with revenue of about $1. 2 million. Immediately after the cyanide poisonings, its market share was reduced to seven percent (Mitchell 1989). Once the connection was made between the Tylenol capsules and the reported deaths, public announcements were made warning people about the consumption of the product. Johnson & Johnson was faced with the dilemma of the best way to deal with the problem without destroying the reputation of the company and its most profitable product.Following one of their guidelines of protecting people first and property second, McNeil Consumer Products, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, conducted an immediate product recall from the entire country which amounted to about 31 million bottles and a loss of more than $100 million dollars. (Lazare, Chicago Sun-Times 2002) Additionally, they halted all advertisement for the product. Although Johnson & Johnson knew they were not responsible for the tampering of the product, they assumed responsibility by ensuring public safety first and recalled all of their capsules from the market.In fact, in February of 1986, when a woman was reported dead from cyanide poisoning in Tylenol capsules, Johnson & Johnson permanently removed all of the capsules from the market. The reason Tylenol reacted so quickly and in such a positive manner to the crisis stems from the company’s mission statement. (Lazare Chicago Sun-Times 2002). On the company’s credo written in the mid-1940’s by Robert Wood Johnson, he stated that the company‘s responsibilities were to the consumers and medical professionals using its products, employees, the communities where its people work and live, and its stockholders.Therefore, it was essential to maintain the safety of its publics to maintain the company alive. Johnson & Johnsonâ₠¬â„¢s responsibility to its publics first proved to be its most efficient public relations tool. It was the key to the brand’s survival. On September 29, 1982, 12-year-old Mary Kellerman of Elk Grove Village, Illinois, woke up at dawn and went into her parents’ bedroom. She did not feel well and complained of having a sore throat and a runny nose. To ease her discomfort, her parents gave her one Extra-Strength Tylenol capsule. At 7 a. m. they found Mary on the bathroom floor.She was immediately taken to the hospital where she was later pronounced dead. Doctors initially suspected that Mary died from a stroke, but evidence later pointed to a more sinister diagnosis. That same day, paramedics were called to the Arlington Heights home of 27-year-old postal worker Adam Janus. When they arrived, they found him lying on the floor. His breathing was labored, his blood pressure was dangerously low and his pupils were fixed and dilated. The paramedics rushed Adam Janus to the e mergency room at Northwest Community Hospital, where they attempted to resuscitate him, but it was too late.Adam died shortly after he was brought to the hospital. His death was believed to be the result of a massive heart attack. However, doctors would later learn that his death was anything but natural. On the eve of Adams death, his aggrieved family gathered at his house to mourn his sudden passing and discuss funeral arrangements. Adams 25-year old brother Stanley and his 19-year-old bride, Theresa, both suffered from headaches attributed to the stress of losing a family member. To his relief, Stanley found on Adams kitchen counter a bottle of Extra Strength Tylenol. He took a capsule from the bottle and then gave one to his wife.Shortly after taking the capsules, both Stanley and his wife collapsed onto the floor. The shocked family members immediately called an ambulance. Once again paramedics rushed to the home of Adam Janus and attempted to resuscitate the young couple. Howe ver, Stanley died that day, and his wife died two days later. Twenty-seven-year-old Mary Reiner of Winfield, Illinois, was recovering after the birth of her son when she unsuspectingly ingested the Tylenol laced with cyanide. She died a short time later. That same day, 35-year-old Paula Prince, a United Airlines stewardess, was found dead in her suburban Chicago apartment.Cyanide-filled Tylenol capsules were also found in her home. The seventh known victim of the Tylenol poisonings was 35-year-old Mary McFarland of Elmhurst, Illinois. While the blood samples were being tested for cyanide, two firefighters in another location of the Chicago suburbs discussed the four bizarre deaths that had recently taken place in the neighboring area. Arlington Heights firefighter Philip Cappitelli talked with his friend Richard Keyworth from the Elk Grove firehouse about Mary Kellerman and the fact that she had taken Tylenol before she died.Keyworth suggested that all the deaths could have been rel ated to the medicine. Following his friends suggestion, Cappitelli called the paramedics who worked on the Janus family and asked if they too had taken Tylenol. To both the men’s surprise, they discovered all three Janus family members had ingested the popular pain reliever. The police were immediately sent to the Kellerman and Janus homes to retrieve the suspicious bottles. Investigators soon discovered the Tylenol link. Urgent warnings were broadcast, and police drove through Chicago neighborhoods issuing warnings over loudspeakers.During the initial investigations, a man named James William Lewis sent a letter to Johnson & Johnson demanding $1 million to stop the cyanide-induced murders. Police were unable to link him with the crimes, as he and his wife were living in New York City at the time. He was convicted of extortion, served 13 years of a 20-year sentence, and was released in 1995 on parole. WCVB Channel 5 of Boston reported that court documents, released in early 2 009, â€Å"show Department of Justice investigators concluded Lewis was responsible for the poisonings, despite the fact that they did not have enough evidence to charge him. Lewis has denied responsibility for the poisonings for several years. A second man, Roger Arnold, was investigated and cleared of the killings. He had a nervous breakdown due to the media attention, which he blamed on Marty Sinclair, a bar owner. In the summer of 1983, Arnold shot and killed John Stanisha, whom he mistook for Sinclair. Stanisha was an innocent man who did not know Arnold. Arnold was convicted in January 1984 and served 15 years of a 30-year sentence for second-degree murder. He died in June 2008.Laurie Dann, who poisoned and shot people in a May 1988 rampage in and around Winnetka, Illinois, was briefly considered as a suspect, but no direct connection was found. On May 19, 2011, the FBI requested DNA samples from ‘Unabomber' Ted Kaczynski in connection to the Tylenol murders. Kaczynski denied having ever possessed potassium cyanide. The investigation is still under way. The first four Unabomber crimes happened in Chicago and its suburbs from 1978 to 1980, and Kaczynski's parents had a suburban Chicago home in Lombard, Illinois, in 1982, where he stayed occasionally.The media gave Johnson ; Johnson much positive coverage for its handling of the crisis; for example, an article in The Washington Post said, â€Å"Johnson & Johnson has effectively demonstrated how a major business ought to handle a disaster. † The article further stated that â€Å"this is no Three Mile Island accident in which the company's response did more damage than the original incident,† and applauded the company for being honest with the public. In addition to issuing the recall, the company established relations with the Chicago Police Department, the FBI, and the Food and Drug Administration.This way it could have a part in searching for the person who laced the capsules and they could help prevent further tampering. While at the time of the scare the company's market share collapsed from thirty-five percent to eight percent, it rebounded in less than a year, a move credited to the company's prompt and aggressive reaction. In November, it reintroduced capsules but in a new, triple-sealed package, coupled with heavy price promotions and within several years, Tylenol had become the most popular over-the-counter analgesic in the U. S. A number of copycat attacks involving Tylenol and other products ensued during the following years.One of these incidents occurred in the Chicago area; unlike Tylenol, it actually forced the end of the product affected by the hoax, Encaprin, from Procter ; Gamble. The incident inspired the pharmaceutical, food, and consumer product industries to develop tamper-resistant packaging, such as induction seals and improved quality control methods. Moreover, product tampering was made a federal crime. Additionally, the tragedy prompted the pharmaceutical industry to move away from capsules, which were easy to contaminate as a foreign substance could be placed inside without obvious signs of tampering.Within the year, the FDA introduced more stringent regulations to avoid product tampering. This led to the eventual replacement of the capsule with the solid â€Å"caplet†, a tablet made in the shape of a capsule, as a drug delivery form and with the addition of tamper-evident safety-seals to bottles of many sorts. References (n. d. ). Retrieved August 31, 2012, from http://www. trutv. com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/terrorists/tylenol_murders/index. html (n. d. ). Retrieved August 30, 2012, from http://iml. jou. ufl. edu/projects/fall02/susi/tylenol. htm (n. d. ). Retrieved August 29, 2012, from http://aboutpublicrelations. net/uczoulas1. htm

Week Term Paper

What Is the vision/Nilsson behind the Good Hotel concept? The vision/mission behind the Good Hotel concept is to maintain its identity as a â€Å"hotel with a conscience† – encompassing a positive attitude, environmental sensitive, and philanthropy. The intent of the vision is to inspire the â€Å"good in us all†. (Pearce, 2012 p. 10-1, 10-2) 2. What three alternatives Is Pan Cajuns considering for her recommendation to the new ownership of Good Hotel? Provide pros and cons of each.General Manager of Good Hotel, Pam Cajuns has made great strides in getting to know her staff, guests, ND neighborhood over the last six months. She has beat financial forecasts for the first quarter 201 0 and guest service is on the rise. (Pearce, 2012, p. 10-2) With these accomplishments, Pam is faced with a challenge. Good Hotel, owned and operated by Joel De Veer Hotels has decided to sell and Pam Cajuns Is charged with preparing an evaluation and recommendation to the new ownershi p.Pam's recommendation considerations are to continue, expand or discontinue the current concept of Good Hotel. Continue the current concept: Good Hotel branded as a boutique hotel, one which â€Å"provides personalized accommodations and services and facilities†, (Pearce, 2012, p. 10-6) has established itself in the $77-billion market. With demonstrated Increased occupancy and revenue from November 2008 through March 2010, Good Hotel has a positive track record to continue its current concept.The downside to this decision Is Good Hotel's position as a green hotel may be perceived to be trendy and trends can change. Customers may no longer be willing to pay a higher price if the Green â€Å"wave† changes. To prevent this, Good Hotel must strive for more innovative ways to attract customers. Judd senior vice president of operations and green committee chair, Carlen Holman, launched the company's Green Dreams portal, a dedicated page on Its Web site where consumers could track the company's ongoing efforts to preserve the environment. † (Pearce, 2012, p. 0-8, 10;9) Ideas Like this are paramount in keeping the consumer base informed of Good Hotel's dedication to its mission and vision. Expand Current Operations: Because Good Hotel has demonstrated positive gains and performance I do not feel expansion is a wise decision. Though the current trends show increases, the data rend Is only 17 months, not long enough to support this decision. Discontinue Current Operations: Lastly, there is sufficient data to support continued operations therefore: to discontinue operations I feel would not be wise.JDK has found a niche market who is willing to pay the increased cost to visit Good Hotel. 3. How would you characterize Good Hotel's target customers? American sociologist Paul Ray coined the phrase â€Å"Cultural Creative† or Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability (ALOHAS)†. (Pearce, 2012, p. 10-5) This Is a population of demonstrates the h ousehold income for the target audience at $65,700 (Brooks, S) not allowing enough expendable income to support frequent stays at Good Hotel.However, this is only a segment of a customer base consisting of 38 million people with the spending power of $209 billion annually according to the Natural Marketing Institute. (Pearce, 2012, p. 10-5) 4. What is Judd marketing strategy to promote Good Hotel? Joe De Viewer's marketing strategy for Good Hotel is social media and word of mouth. The strategy of word of mouth is most effective through positive execution of the mission and vision. Effective execution results in enhanced customer satisfaction which yields positive word of mouth advertisement.The use of social media is also an effective marketing tool when targeting this age group. The primary form of media for this age group is the computer. However, additional use of other forms of media (television and/or radio) would reach a larger market. 5. How would you competitively position G ood Hotel relative to its rivals? Good Hotel has established itself as a Green hotel and targeted the correct audience. There exists a tremendous trend now with being environmentally conscious and leaving things better than the way we found them.