Risk in building house Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk in building signal - Research Paper ExampleThis blackguard will help in simplifying the complex put to work.This step is also very important and every possible run a risk must be made note of and it should be dealt with accordingly. There are several risks conglomerate in building a house and whiz needs to be very cautious not to ignore any risks. This step will facilitate all the other steps and it will moderate the level of uncertainty.This step is one of the most important steps of all, the risks that have been made note of should be dealt with and the best way of dealing with these risks is to have backups or plan B. Plan B is very reclaimable and it again brings down the level of risk.These steps are dependent and one cannot be completed without the control of the other, monitoring is another very important step and if this is not incorporated then the whole process may fail. Monitoring reduces the risks involved in building a house, after the process of planning is completed, it is subjective to ensure that the steps decided must be incorporated and this is where monitoring and controlling comes into the picture. Maintaining a risk register is also important and all these steps should be followed when one decides to build a house in order to bring down the level of uncertainty involved in this complicated process.It is full to divide this perplexing process into two namely Mitigation and contingency. When it comes to receiving the material for the house, it must be ensured that everything is authentic well before the deadline and a deadline of one week is set. As far as the mitigation is concerned, one must find another vendor should the primary vendor fail to provide the material need to build the house. The weather conditions is another aspect that requires great deal of attention, it must be checked beforehand(predicate) and it must be made sure that the conditions are ideal for the workers to start the

Epidemiology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Epidemiology - Research Paper ExampleTechnical and financial amenities by certain countries are available for use to prevent resurgence of this infectious affection. The wad who do not want to follow preventive education are the most vulnerable to risk factors. To reduce the enormous world(a) burden and long-term goal of better control of this communicable disease, there is a need for world-wide surveillance.The pathogen Mycobacterium terabyte is responsible for tuberculosis (TB). The person carrying the dormant tuberculosis germs is prone to tuberculosis, if the germs become dynamic and multiply. Latent TB infection (ODonoghue, 2006), is the dormant state of infection in the body. Those with latent infection groundwork easily transfer the disease to another person through contact. Ease of infection of this airborne disease is caused by exposure to infected droplet nuclei. It spreads through activities such as cough, sneeze, laugh, singing, etc. of the disease-carrying person . Approximate estimated figures show that the relative incidence of TB effects around 33% of world population. Reports show that about nine million people can suffer from tuberculosis disease in a year. Resource-limited countries have the highest prevalence of the disease and because it has not yet been completely uprooted, the chances of outbreak of the disease in other countries including the U.S. cannot be (LoBue, Sizemore, & Castro, 2009). In the primary tuberculosis, the patient can recover completely. This cured person still contains noninfectious, but live mycobacterium. This primary hibernating(a) tuberculosis could follow one of the three paths in the future. It might remain inactive throughout the brio span of the infected person, or it might develop into active tuberculosis from its own infection, or the same(p) person might get exposed to new infection called reinfection tuberculosis (Jekel, Katz & Elmore, 2001). HIV infected individuals

Written campaign pitch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Written campaign tilt - Essay ExampleThis campaign sales pitch is designed to work under a strategy know as market-differentiation and through the white plague of the resources that are available in the Attic stores. The growth of this business as well as the consumer awareness/loyalty go away be attained through the use of the resources provided by the three principal partners of Attic stores. The marketing mix to be employ by the Attic stores leave behind be centered on the emphasis of the high quality of their products and the fast customer service accorded to the clients by the staff of Attic stores.It is definitely probable that various risks will be involved in this face of a marketing mix. As a solution to this, Attic stores will consider structuring this campaign pitch into four segments. The first segment of this campaign pitch will focus on the instantaneous and antiphonary business environment accorded to Attic stores. In utilizing the immediate and responsive busi ness environment, the Attic stores shall make use of a campaign slogan to be referred to as fashion mania. Fashion mania flock be given wide-meaning showing obsessions that people have for up-to-the-minute clothing and more specifically unoccupied/sportswear. We shall therefore change our business name to Attic Stores Fashion Mania.As part of our change, we shall encompass various modes for the distribution of our products. That means that we will not rely only on the traditional methodologies that are used by separate retail outlets in the distribution of their products. As such, we will employ the use of other methodologies for example mail orders so as to address the clothing needs of our clients who are very expeditious and do not have free time at their disposal to come personally to the stores (Adcock, 1998). We will also use the internet and the social media like Facebook and blogs sell our products. The use of the social media is particularly chief(prenominal) because a t this digital era, most of the people

Write a detailed marketing strategy for WizzAir low cost airline Essay

Write a detailed marketing strategy for Wizz job low cost airline - Essay ExampleIt is projecting its investments in technology to provide resort and comfort for the low-cost traveler. Thus, it is differentiating the brand Wizz Air as an excellent quality, reliable, punctual and friendly airline. This differentiation is manifested in terms of its aircrafts technical quality and ambience, people, promotions, business processes, logos and all communications. With such a market strategy, Wizz Air hopes to maintain its leadership position and be seen as the best low cost airline.Wizz Air started its operations in 2004 with a seed capital of 34 million Euros. Within six months it became one of the pencil lead low-cost airlines for the Central and Eastern European region. Wizz Air had carried over 1.9 million passengers in 2005, thus screening a 300% growth. It has carried a over a record 3 million passengers within 2 years It operates through flights from Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Cr oatia, Slovenia and Romania, and from 5 sterns in the CEE - Katowice, Warsaw, Gdansk in Poland, and Budapest in Hungary. It plans to open another base in Bucharest, and has a target to carry 4.5 million passengers in 2007. It flies to 50 European destinations on 56 routes.The airline has been acknowledged as the largest low-cost airline, and the second largest airline of Poland by the Polish gracious Aviation. It was also chosen as the Best Airline of Hungary within 5 months of operations in Hungary. chief executive officer of Wizz Air, Jzsef Vradi, was awarded Brave Innovator by the Earnest&Young foundation. Wizz Air has a 15% market share of the Plolish airline market, with a 67% increase in its Polish passengers in 2006. It has a fleet of 9 Airbus 320, which are known for their operational efficiencies. (wizzair.com, 2007)The airline industry in CCE is experience a time of intense competition. There are a number of low-cost airlines that have entered the market, and the market is growing at a slow rate. This

The Impact of WACC on Capital Budgeting and Structure Essay

The Impact of WACC on Capital Budgeting and construction - Essay ExampleThe first step is to prepare comprehensive cash flow estimate discipline for the project under consideration. This step is then followed by forecasting a suitable discount consecrate to be used in the evaluation of the net present value (NPV). This discount rate is the chip in required by the investors to compensate for handing over their capital to the company. It is also known as the companys hurdle or weighted average exist of capital (WACC).(singh 2005. 26)According to Donald Riggin of Albert Risk Management Consultants, The weighted average cost of capital is the companys cost of maintaining capital, of owning capital. (2007. Para.4) theoretically speaking, both the concept and its importance as a companys performance tone are very well established. In fact, the companys failure to make up its debt cost is considered by many a(prenominal) experts to be the most obvious crisis indicator. The accuracy o f the WACC calculations are extremely important to avoid such scenarios as they assist the administration determining projects that are most suitable for the company.

Diversity Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Diversity Education - Assignment Exampleof differing cultures and sub-cultures, and encouraging certificate of indebtedness for social justice is an improvement because it encourages social cooperation across cultural and sub-cultural divides, and it presents the equivalent viability of all cultural orientations (Gurin, Nagda, & Lopez, The benefits of alteration in education for democratic citizenship, 2004). This is the definitive category that contextualizes a preferred approach to regeneration education. It is a more holistic approach, in that teachers must first understand personal biases, resolve them, be unstrained to learn from student experience and feedback, and suspend any ethnocentricity they feel (Washington State University , 2012). They must also be consistent about releasing personal power privilege, so that an environment of sh bed power evoke be sustained, so that honesty and authenticity can prevail (Gurin, Dey, Hurtado, & Gurin, 2002). investigate confirms th is approach as organism the most effective. It is best for healthy identity formation and cognition because it presents necessary relational discontinuities (Gurin, Dey, Hurtado, & Gurin, 2002). It supports academic achievement (Gurin, Dey, Hurtado, & Gurin, 2002). It shapes culturally competent people who ar best positioned to join the global communitys workforce (Cocchiara, 2009), respond to cultural another(prenominal)s, and make decisions that will prove effective and widely applicable (Washington State University , 2012). Research has found that diversity education strongly instills democratic sentiments, and pro-democracy skills, such as taking on other perspectives, being comfortable in conflict situations and thus able to resolve conflict in a mutually satisfying manner (Gurin, Nagda, & Lopez, The benefits of diversity in education for democratic citizenship, 2004).... This paper approves that the research shows that diversity education emphasizing cultural relativity, i ntegration, mutuality and social justice actually increases respect for difference, as healthful as commonality. This is a counter influence against marginalization. It follows, then, that a diversity-educated person will pose a easily reduced threat. According to the paper it is a fact that society is now global. It is not possible to inscribe fully without diversity fluency. With widespread immigration, globalization, refugee distribution, the Internet, and global issues dominating the news, it is imperative that everyone at least knows how to fit in effectively and has the skills to be productive. With war and terrorism being ubiquitous and globally threatening, skills for fostering mutual cooperation are essential to survival. This need not impinge on religious and lifestyle choices, if mutual respect is the merchant ship line for everyone. This essay says that democracy can be interpreted as being best through within a pre-approved religious framework. An examination of dif ferences can be threatening and used to justify exclusion, succession a search for commonalities may be seen as requiring sacrificial dilution of treasured differences, religious truths and values.There are always multiple sides to an issue, however, and this one is no exception. Justification for the stance claimed as most excellent, in this paper, rests on certain assumptions. One of those assumptions is that the best choice is one supported by research.

Adolescent Diaries of Karen Horney Literature review

Adolescent Diaries of Karen Horney - writings review ExampleHorneys early childhood was marked by divergent behavioral tendencies. For instance, she had an unknown fancy for her elder brother. This was most probably a psychological response to arising from wrong perceptions of her father as a dictator. Her intellectual capabilities were just developing into more varied and complex perceptions at this time. Her early childhood was also marked by rebellion against her fathers autocratic pontifications. She openly rebelled against his exacting commands and sought to self-assert on everything that she entangle was important.In addition to this marked tendency to oppose her father because she felt that he didnt love her enough, deep down this small girl there was evolving perceptive agnosticism in the existing dispensation of affairs. She alleged that her father loved her brother much more than he did her. She was non only ambitious but also constantly focused on intellectual pursu its. At the get on with of nine, she felt that her image suffered from some inadequacies. She was even depressed by the feeling that she wasnt beautiful, though by any standards she was pretty enough. With the subsequent rejection by her brother of her unusual behavior towards him, there developed a period of collapse into dejection and depression. On and off a relapse into bouts of depression could be notice during this period. She was more of a narcissist or an introvert that showed an unusual interest in the self-image (Quinn, 1989).Subsequent to her parents divorcement in 1904, her mother moved into a separate place with the kids. Karen was one of the archetypical few girls to be admitted to a German University for medicine. Finally, she graduated from the University of Berlin in 1913. It was during this period that she met her future husband, Oskar Horney. She married him in 1909 and in 1910 she had her first baby girl, Brigitte. Two other girls followed and Karen was a hap py mother.

Archeological Features, Artifacts and Ecofacts Essay - 40

Archeological Features, Artifacts and Ecofacts - Essay ExampleAnalysis of the archeological site is done through learn stages. The archeological sites entail the places where proof of past human presence grass be collected. The evidence includes figure remains of the human ancestors, artifacts objects, and ecofacts elements. Sites are developed through formation moldes. For example, dead bodies can be ritually buried, and tools can be lost. Site preservation is done by the natural process. The ash from a release or the silt from flood water can cover objects, and thus preserve them for several years. Sites can also be found by the natural process of erosion. The Olduvai Gorge located in Tanzania was open through erosion (Gilman, 2012). Archaeologists apply several techniques. The archeologists apply experimental replication to analyze tool artifacts. The process aims at authentically redeveloping the ancient artifacts, and hence determines the process of making the tool. The d ate of the specimen or archeologic site is done through radioactive decay technique. The technique analyses the radioactive isotopes of common elements like carbon, atomic number 92 and potassium. Identifying the sex skeleton is done by the sex dimorphism technique. For instance, the male human skeleton is always larger, rougher and denser than the effeminate skeletal bring ups.The Upper Paleolithic period is illustrated through drastic changes in the human culture, especially in the Europe, Asia and African regions. Greatly, the changes are developmental as illustrated by the anatomically modern man of Africa. Superior tools were set in Africa. One example involves the stone blade tools aged 90,000 years, which were found in Katanga, Zaire. Polished bone tools aged 77,000 years were found inside the Blombos Cave, South Africa (Robert & Wendy 2011). The tools illustrate technology explosion in the commonwealth of stone and bone tooldevelopment.

Cloud Computing Energy Efficiency Research Proposal

streak Computing Energy Efficiency - Research Proposal Exampleresult, companies have been moving their operations such as emails, word processing and spreadsheets as headspring as CRM to the defame in order to boniface nil 5.Generally, the concerns regarding the environmental impacts as well as the vigour needs of entropy centers such as the profane has been growing with the exponential increase in information centers. Consequently, the potential gains in energy readiness by moving the software of businesses to the cloud are largely attributed to the fact that the data centers and servers currently hosting cloud services are significantly more than efficient and green than the IT infrastructure that is currently used by most companies 8. These energy savings are particularly significant for smaller companies which often tend to have got some of the most inefficient IT services.Despite the general agreement that cloud computing is currently more efficient than many of its alternatives, the implementation of cloud computing has faced a number of federal agency and energy consumption concerns particularly with regard to the power and energy consumed by the modern cloud computing systems and data center equipment as well as the connected cooling systems (Jayant, 2010). The energy is mainly consumed when transporting the required data from the users to the cloud data centers and then back.Data centers currently consume nearly 1.4% of the entire global electric energy with an average growth rate of 12% annually. Skeptics argue that the greenhouse gas production associated with the power consumption at data centers is will double in the near future if the current popularity of cloud services continues. Moreover, the high consumption of power also often results in the release of heat which may further cause energy inefficiencies due to increased amount of energy required for removing the heat(cooling) as well as the high probability of hardware system fa ilures1.Another potential cloud computing energy efficiency problem is the increasing

Managerial Applications of Technology (Ethical Hacking)2 Assignment

Managerial Applications of Technology (Ethical Hacking)2 - Assignment ExampleHiring ethical hackers has some advantages such as one, a hacker will apply all their knowledge in succeeding to bypass the implemented security systems and upon succeeding, and the faults in the systems are clasped and secured. Again, it is safer to have a hacker working for an organization than against it (Saleem, 2006). This is so because in the second scenario, there are more chances of the organization being trespassed.On the contrary, hiring ethical workers may be detrimental in that say in a banking institution, a hacker may discover a fault which they can use to get more money than they earn, and betray the organization by stealing from it. This means that in the event that an ethical worker ignores the ethics, then the organizations selective information is placed at risks (Conran, 2014). However, despite all this, it is important that management hires ethical hackers to verify the security of th eir systems since this protects them from poisonous (black) hackers. The ethical hackers should be vetted for their ethical backgrounds, or be acquired from credible

Simulaitons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Simulaitons - Essay modelingIn the fork over case, the optimum solution is obtained for- Profit maximized ($1254) when Tables for 4=10, Tables for 2=8, wait staff=3 and kitchen staff=2. Loss of sales is least ($941). Other than the proposed alternatives, we can have two more feasible solutions. in that respect are basically, two areas of concern namely- Order taking and the ovens. The speed of operation at twain these places directly influences the waiting time. Therefore, the optimal automation of these two areas would do a great deal of good even if there were initial investments to be made.A) Given the significant downtime and relocation costs, once you have unflinching to reconfigure equipment to improve process layout, how do you balance the immediate production requirements versus future needs for the facilityThere must always be a scope for future improvement, and so in order to pass this, there must always be an effort for finding out better alternatives and under the present situation, the existing production must not stop, and so the best option for this would be to relocate besides one thing at a time. This will ensure that current production stays uninfluenced and there is scope for future additions into any vacant space.B) The cost of delay is an important cost t

Five Forces Analysis of the Hospitality Industry Research Paper

quintette Forces Analysis of the Hospitality Industry - Research Paper ExampleIn the hospitality industry, at that place is a moderately low threat from suppliers. Many of the players in the industry contribute to the percentage of suppliers since they need to fetch access to quality supplies (Pizam, 2010). Mamas can benefit from identifying reliable suppliers who provide quality goods since it intends to march on serving delicious meals to customers. Threat of BuyersIn the hospitality industry, buyers have a strong bargaining power because there is a very low switching cost between one restaurant and the other. Customers are wholesome aware of the termss as well as the expected quality of products (Enz, 2010). For this reason, Mamas on Washington Square necessarily to develop strategies for addressing the threat of buyers in the industry.Threat of SubstitutesIn the hospitality industry, there is an increasing threat of substitutes. Many players are in all likelihood to provi de customers with substitute products that are of similar quality to Mamas and within the same price range. Therefore, customers would register a limited switching cost. There is a salient need for Mamas to develop strategies for surviving in the highly competitive Industry.Ethnic Cuisine in the United StatesThere is an increasing call for for ethnic cuisine in the United States. Specifically, Asian cuisines are gaining popularity and slowly becoming part of the mainstream food. Therefore, the hospitality industry has to specialize in providing customers with a diverse range of ethnic cuisines.

Female Entrepreneurs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

feminine Entrepreneurs - Essay ExampleThe paper has clearly brought out the fact that the managerial qualities of women atomic number 18 entirely unalike from male entrepreneurs and it rests a great deal on the circumstances that motivate her to establish her own stage business set-up, apart from her own characteristics and qualities that she has imbibed. The management techniques select by them and their impact on the organizational performance are brought to fore by interviewing few female entrepreneurs in UK by providing them with a questionnaire.The result showed that though attractive and transformational leadership are made use of by the women entrepreneurs, the driving force that makes them into a victor story is the relational approach practiced by them, which includes open communication, sharing of information, empathising and nurturing of the employees. The management techniques adopted by women fall in shown more number of employees in female owned enterprises tha n others. Consequently, the number of female entrepreneur billionaires has been increasing at a fast pace and we hope to view as double the number of women entrepreneurs in the next basketball team divisions.The importance of women entrepreneurs has been greatly fe... 1.IntroductionThe importance of women entrepreneurs has been greatly felt across the globe in the pull through decade. Interestingly, in developed countries, women own 25% of total businesses and are starting up new ones at a faster rate than men (Woldie and Adersua, 2004). Infact, besides making a contribution to the economy, women through their contrasting management styles have been adding innovation, diversity and choices to the business organizations they own. While studies done in the past have meliorate the understanding about female entrepreneurs, the issues which have not been addressed in-depth are - What are the management styles adopted by women and how do they affect or have an impact on various aspe cts of organizational performance.This paper, will, therefore, digest on the growing number of women entrepreneurs in the last decade, their management styles, the impact of their management strategies on the success of the organization and whether their style is different from their male counterparts or not.The purpose of this report is to provide information on this research topic which will be used as a basis for my third year project for the BA Honours for Business degree with a management minor at Croydon College. As a woman in business I have spent over twelve historic period conversing and engaging in business activities with many other women and it has intrigued and inspired me to investigate, explore and examine a few of the variables that make a woman into a successful entrepreneur. As part of the research, I also indigence to investigate management styles to understand if there are any particular types of management styles which assist the women in becoming successful and how do they differ from management styles adopted by their male counterparts. I have personally

Emile Durkheim's Theories on Education and Morality Essay

Emile Durkheims Theories on Education and Morality - Essay ExampleBut as the States became more populated and as problems became more social, the focus on information had shifted to the man being in relation to association. The people realized that the human being was affected by its environment and the role of education is to transmit present societal traditions and customs to the students by using teachers as social agents. Because of Durkheims influence, the American society began to value separate freedom and self-determination that depicted the product of Protestant ethic and the impact of psychology on educational opening.The present society now corresponds to Durkheims theory of education. Focusing on his educational beliefs and estimate points, this essay aims to acquire the significance of his theoires on the past and present day society.According to Filloux, Durkheim emphasized the public needs of the separate in order to recognize the function of a social phenomen on (304). He maintain that every society has a ashes of education that is inflicted on individuals and has a concept of a human ideal-physically, intellectually and morally. He viewed it as a methodical socialization that ensures the conditions of existence of every individual in a society.For Durkheim, discipline is a factor of education and a means of averting censurable conduct (43). He viewed morality as a discipline that promotes regularity in peoples actions and offers them determinate goals that besides hinders their horizons (47). There ar three elements of morality that determine the form and content of the purposes that educational sociology assigns to education at school 1) teaching a sense of discipline, 2) group attachment, and 3) autonomy of will (308). In order to be called a moral person, Durkheim stated that the individual has to abide by a norm (23) and act in terms of the collective interest (xi). Thus, the function of morality is to determine conduct, to fix it, and to eliminate the element of individual arbitrariness (27). In the school institution, moral standards are imposed by the teacher to the pupils though they are given the freedom to learn in their own will. (Filloux 309). For Durkheim, the spirit of independence exists if there is intelligence or interpreting and moral orders in certain incidents in life. Durkheim also discussed the school environment in his theory (310). He believed that the school environment promotes the habit of life in a school classroom form. He also stated that in ideal schools, it is not important to produce scientists among his pupils but fully logical beings. (311). Research DiscussionDurkheims structure-function analysis focuses on social facts (Filloux 303). He noted that in order to understand a fact, the causes and purposes must primarily be recognized. His analysis was original for he approached this from two similar viewpoints. unrivaled was that the society, made up of its organic componen ts has a systematic entity responding to the societal needs. The other view was that the social system lends itself to analysis in terms of

The Greatest Movie Ever Sold Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Greatest Ever Sold - Movie freshen up ExampleIt was a bold movie because Morgan Spurlock is actually making a movie that shows how prevalent ad and product placements in our daily lives ar. The movie started showing how ubiquitous brand messages are in our lives. That from the solar day we wake up until we sleep, we are bombarded with advertising messages. But basically I know this already that advertising are everywhere. It was however a prelude, or a case build up, of Mr. Spurlocks intention to create a movie that bequeathing show the flip flop of advertising and yet, make companies pay for it. I am not sure if it was deliberate or a coincidence with how the film evolved that Mr. Spurlock had an initial difficulty of exchange his idea to companies. During the first phase of the film, his meeting with advertising executives was met with hesitance and fear. It illustrated the normal reaction of companies to be fervent rough being included in a film that they do not know how will they be perceived by the audience. These brands spent millions if not billions of dollars to build their image to become what they are right away and it is normal that they are going to be protective of their brands. At one point, an executive told Mr. Spurlock to turn the camera off and I thought he already had a deal that was actually documented. All the while, as told by Mr. Spurlock himself, that they do not want to be a part of it. I already anticipate this part of the movie. Of course companies are going to be worried that they might make a rally of themselves in a movie that will feature how offensive advertising are getting now. Moreso, that they are going to pay for it. It is like frying themselves with their own oil if the film actually negatively projects them. As the film progresses in this part, I was wondering how Mr. Spurlock is going to convince advertisers to actually pay for his film that will show how much these companies are bombarding the consumers with its advertisements. But the lessons actually starts here which I myself learned a lot. later this initial failure, Mr. Spurlock asked around on how is he going to get advertisers pay for his film. It was not only a tutorial to him but in addition to the audience especially to students like me. During this process of asking around, I understand what brand collateral truly meant when it was applied in real world marketing. Of all the things that has been said about it, it just meant what do you bring on the table? or what are you offering? I also learned what brand personality was when Mr. Spurlock consulted what brands will most likely support him. He met with an Analyst (I have in mind she was a pyschoanalyst) and from there he realized what kind of brand Mr. Spurlock is. He is playful and risk taker which is kinda unusual. Because typically people are fearful of the unknown which is part of human nature. Both Mr. Spurlock embraces risk and misfortune as part of his per sonality. He was advised that the brands that will most likely to support him are brands that shares his personality. build up with this new set knowledge, his previous research seemed to work. He had a meeting with Ban deodorant whom he struck a conditional agreement that if he convinces 15 others to be a part of his film, wherefore they are in. I was smiling in this part of the movie thinking that hard work really pays and knowing how to do things really pays off. I also had the feeling that Mr. Spurlocks moment that his break is already coming in when he

Biography of Emmanuel Kant Essay Example for Free

Biography of Emmanuel Kant EssayKn aver by many in the battlefield as the father of modern philosophy, Immanuel Kant questioned many of the assumptions held in his day. He focused much of his work on the real numberm of human thought, understanding, and potential. His ideas about observation, learning, and experientialism set the precedent for all philosophers who followed him. Born in the early 1720s, Kant lived in what was known as East Prussia (now a part of Kaliningrad, Russia).There, he was able to secure a teaching method position for nearly ten years when he began working at Konigsberg University. He would remain a part of their staff for nearly five decades contributing to the rise and popularity of philosophy of the day. Not much to a greater extent is known about Kants earlier life. He did go on to having several of his pieces published, although none were an subscribe autobiography. In his Critique of Pure Reason, he discussed and raised interesting points about h uman knowledge.Instrumental on Kants own ideas was the work of philosopher David Hume, who agreed that human experience could be used for understanding, but that it should not be used to explain every phenomena we encounter in nature or in the real world. Kant built upon this idea. He stated that new experiences could be formulated based on recent experiences because it our past that helps us learn about our future. He believed that the human mind organized events and ideas into categories that could be accessed later to fixate how we might react in a certain experience.He came up with the word to describe the problem of understanding noumena. Kants own arguments about the existence of God were also not well judge at his time. He believed that man could not rationalize God because it was not something that we had experienced before. In other words, we might be able to attribute certain characteristics to Him, but it is ultimately limited by our own human understanding of the un iverse. In essence, we could never come close to truly understanding who God is and squall what He is going to do. pic pic pic pic pic .

Using material from item A and elsewher Essay Example for Free

utilize material from keepsake A and elsewher EssayUsing material from item A and elsewhere, assess the outlook that the growth of religious fundamentalism is a reaction to globalisation As menti unmatchabled in item A overmuch has been written about the decline of religious beliefs and the secularisation of advanced societies this states that the growth of fundamentalism represents a culture which disposes to be a clash between the sacred an secular. Fundamentalism refers to black and white thinking that opposes modernism or every sort of progressive beliefs about religion and social topics. Rejecting modern beliefs does not particularly make fundamentalisticicic group violent. Whilst the item mentions they reject modern interpretations o faith as having lost their ways because teachings omit been watered down this supports the report that fundamentalist groups tend to oppose anything that challenges their religious interpretations and opinions. There are diverse c haracteristics of fundamentalism a sociologist Bruce indicates the fact that religious text are seen as perfect.Referring back to the item it suggests that fundamentalism seek a return to a literal interpretation of their holy book and strict obedience to religious teachings this supports Bruce idea as such(prenominal) holy teaching must be read literally-be it the bible, quran or the torah for e.g. gayness is seen to be a sin, and fundamentalist groups are strongly against this view. Although there are many holy teachings and beliefs, one consequence of this is that fundamentalism rejects religious pluralism there can be but one literal truth. This reflects on the alpha implications for what school teach for e.g. in some Christian schools in USA, the obect the scientific explanations of creation. Another aspect of fundamentalist is there is a profound rejection of modern society. Living in the modern world is seen as elusive because of the variety of choice including too much ch oice of religion, sexuality, lifestyle etc.As mentioned in the item while fundamentalism may hold in views that differ greatly from the mainstream this supports the perception that fundamentalists reject the idea of choice and maintain the value of tradition. Lastly, another characteristic is activism. Activism is strongly encouraged whereby fundamentalists are vocal in their struggle of serious against evil. In their ways of active approach many fundamentalists resort to violence in bid to shew twain their hatred of modernity and the need for tradition values to return for all. Examples of extremist fundamentalism include the nip ofMalala, bombing of abortion clinics, 9/11 etc, Islamic fundamentalists. Quoting from the item some sociologists argue that one repartee to globalisation has been the growth of religious fundamentalists This was the central view of Giddens whom mentioned that globalisation has turned the whole planet acres into a global village such that every poi nt on the planet is constant and lose touch with the rest of the world via electronic, satellite or telephone communication.This has had a huge impact on fundamentalism. There are clear examples of how globalisation has helped fundamentalist groups for e.g. Terrorist groups such al-qaeda have various websites to both communication members and grow in numbers. Depite the fact that fundamentalists are against modernity, they can be seen as hypocritical groups as they tend to use modern ways and technology to spread their views. Another clear example is equal by the Miss public beauty Pageant in Nigeria 2002 A blasphemous article was publish by a newspaper office suggesting the prophet Muhammed (pbuh) would have liked a Miss World Beauty Queen. This had raised riots by Muslim fundamentalists which claimed over 100 lives. Assessing the view that globalisation has a maturation state of fundamentalists, if such articles were not published, would there be such a large scale of fundamen talist activity?However growth in fundamentalism can be collect to other factors beside globalisation. A solution to secularisation once again Bruce identifies fundamentalism is caused by secularisation- he argues the decline in religion in modern society, combining the views of science and rationality, undermines traditional faiths which supports evidence from the item as it mentions but fundamentalism seems to go against this trend and thus this does not truly suggest that globalisation is the main reaction to the growth of fundamentalist groups. Almond et al agree secularisation and modernisation produces fundamentalist however implying that it is caused by facets such as low levels of direction and high levels of inequality, economic problems displacement of people by war, and western rancor and hatred. This also ties in with such facts that fundamentalism is more likely to develop when there is just one sacred perfect text which pursuit can argue, a religion must have a c ommon enemy etc.such(prenominal) aspects determine that globalisation is not the only factor, there are many other ways of fundamentalist groups increasing Another aspect may be certainty in a world of choice.Fundamentalists groups tend to have an appeal to those who seek a moral anchor in a world of unlimited choice i.e. young people. Modernity creates a moral ambiguity- unaware of what to do and therefore leading to a profusion of choice and a lack of guidance. This verifies the idea that globalisation is not the only reason as to why fundamentalists is growing, but attracting people in other ways. Lastly, Karen Armstrongs view also supports the view that it is not due to globalization.She argues there is nothing in Islamic religion which tends to lead towards fundamentalist beliefs. Many Islamic leading and followers are in favour of westernisation and modernisation. However her argument differs to many as she states that the west has well-tried to impose modernisation too rap idly in these countries and as a result, this has lead to mass resentment f the west by many Islamic populations in the world, thus encouraging Islamic fundamentalism. In conclusion, although gloablisation does play a major role as to why fundamentalist groups are promptly growing, we cannot slang this is the only way. Assessing the view of this, it does need to be taken into consideration that there are other elements which have an impact of fundamentalist groups vastly spreading such as secularisation, economic problems, certainty in a world of choice etc.

The Role of Art in Poetry Essay Example for Free

The Role of Art in Poetry strainThese different styles of addressing this depicted object ar p artworkly because of their different ardors of poetry. Keats is a Ro humantic poet, musical composition Auden is more(prenominal) than of the in advance(p) style. In these two songs we whoremonger see the marked differences between these two write styles. We bunghole also see the similarities in the message that these authors are try to work across. This common message is unrivalled of the permanence of art in an ever changing being. First lets make do a minute to examine the two different styles of literature that these men used in the dapples. These poems were scripted in two distinct methods, Ode on a classic Urn was written in the amativeist style, and Musee diethylstilbesterol Beaux arts was written in the modern style. These two ways of writing are actually(prenominal) different some(prenominal) in style, themes, and methods. succession the earlier style of romanticism was more well-nigh a reflection of man in genius and the world rough him, the modern style is more of a consecutive sex act of what is authoriseing in the poets mind. The modern style may non be as flowery, or flattering as romanticism, only when it is the uprightness as the poet sees it.Some authors nonplus been some(prenominal) amative and Modern poets save most of the poets that we have studied in this class are from one style or the some other. sentimentalist poetry is a style that was marked by a fascination with the power of the interior of human beings and the grand nature of human faculties. (Sanger, 2013) I think one of the best definitions of this poetic era fixs from romantic poet William Wordsworth who said All poetry is spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings reflected upon in leisure (Sanger, 2013) . Before the Romantic stage, poetrys purpose was to imitate nature or to create a Mimesis. Greenblatt, 2006) The purpose of the written ledger was to record tradition, and thither were rules of format that had to be followed. In the Romantic period however, it was the author who created nature and poetry was more spontaneous. at that place were no rules eithermore. Poets were now lead by the heart and not the head. (Sanger, 2013) The Romantic periods key humor was that the world is created by us when we experience it. This was an idea introduced by the philosopher Emmanuel Cant. Romantic poet Percy Shelly echoed this thought when he said all things exist as they are perceived. (Sanger, 2013) Another not bad(p) idea of this period was that if two ideas contradicted each other that it didnt necessarily mean that they two werent true. That was the heavy(p) thing ab let on this age. It was all nigh the experience put d bear on paper, which is very similar to Modern poetry in that way. It was the way that they went about it that made these two styles so very different. The Modern period of literature was marked by a more fluid style. The poems in this period were filled by a stream of consciousness and were more experimental in nature.The rules of frost and heartbeat that were more popular in the Romanic period and were required in the eras before that were thrown out of the window for the most part. Modern poets were not as concerned with nature as the Romantic poets who went before them. The modernists were more focused on individual experience, and were very interested in experimentation with language and forms of literature. As modern poet W. H. Auden himself said, Poetry is not magic, exactly a form of truth carnal knowledge that should disenchant and disintoxicate. (Greenblatt, 2006) This is similar to the idea of defamiliarization which we learned about in Critical Writing and Literature Analysis. In Modern poetry there are all the said(prenominal) fewer rules than there were in Romanticism. The authors had free range to make up words, set forth out punctuation and capitalizati on, and reinvent ancient mythologies. This was a strong new literary world. (Sanger, 2013) Ode on a Hellenic Urn was written by John Keats in 1820 and it was written in the Romantic style of poetry.This poem was part of the famous series of Odes that was written by Keats at the culmination of his poetic abilities. (Greenblatt, 2006) In this piece we see an ancient urn of unknown origin that is clearly admired by our author. Who are the figures on the Urn? atomic number 18 they men or Gods? We testament never know, solely the answer to these questions is not very important. What they have to pronounce and what we can learn from them is what is important. We learn the tax of poetry and art from this poem. In this poem Keats starts out utterance to the urn itself. He calls it Thou inactive unravishd bride of quietnessThou foster-child of silence and slow time (Greenblatt, 2006) hither he is speaking directly to the Urn and tells us that the Urn and its figures do not speak for themselves, that he does that for them with this poem. Its father who was the mechanic started this conversation, and now Keats is picking up where the unknown sculpturer has left wing off. Keats goes on to say. Sylvan historian, who canst thus chat a flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme (Greenblatt, 2006) . In this he is saying that the sculptor has done much better than the poet ever can. This is classic self deprecation that we have seen in other poems by our author.Keats is well known for these tactics. As Keats go bys this poem he goes on to ask us several(prenominal) questions about the sacrifice that is reaped on the urn. We are never given the answers to these questions because the urn cannot speak for itself. It cannot answer the questions that are put to it. The sculptor of this urn is long dead, along with anyone else that was approximately when it was made or when those depicted were in existence. The urn is left to stand alone through time in silent testament to history and art. In this stanza he is telling us of the permanence of art.Once the piece of art is completed it is unable to change, the world changes around it, but the figures on the urn are forever young. As he starts the second stanza Keats leads with a statement in which he tells us that sometimes the mental experience of something is better than the actual experience. Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter (Greenblatt, 2006) However, he also tells us that being depicted on an urn may not be all good. Fair youth beneath the trees, thou canst not bestow (Greenblatt, 2006) . These figures have not only been immortalized, they have also been trapped.We can see that this in a way is both a blessing and a curse. The youth will never get to kiss the one he loves but he can also never disap fountainhead her. But Keats tells the youth do not rue she cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss, for ever wilt thou love, and she be fair (Greenblatt, 2006) The Urn wo rks both ways, the woman he loves cannot disappoint him either by aging or changing in any way. He also uses this stanza to drive home the idea of the permanence of art by repeating the word Forever end-to-end this part of the poem. Keats then goes on to addresses the objects he sees on the Urn.In doing this he is telling us what he admires in life and nature as reflected in this arti item. These are things that Keats wishes he could curtail onto forever instead of being sickly. He wants us to notice these things that he is pointing out because they are what grip art and poetry alive. They are representations of the best of life. Here we also find Keats use of nature in this poem which marks him as a romantic poet. Ah, happy, happy boughs That cannot shed your leaves, nor ever bid the jump off adieu (Greenblatt, 2006). These trees are also unchanging, they cant shed their leaves or change seasons.Keats is the similar in a way because he will always be young. He will never be ab le to grow and mature, much like the tree on the urn. Keat s then goes on to dialogue more about the mysterious sacrifice he sees depicted on the urn and which he mentioned in the starting signal stanza. He wonders about the possible lives of these slew and where they are going. Again we are given no answers by the urn because it cannot speak. This is a repeat of the ideas we saw in the first stanza. It keeps the mystery of the urn alive. Who are these individuals? We dont subscribe to to know. We can only guess at their intentions.It is also his own way of saying that art has a life of its own. The people depicted could be nice everyday people, or they could be mass murderers. There is no way to know, that is a beautiful thing about art that it is very subjective. In the terminal stanza of this Ode we are reminded again that this Urn is a piece of art that has stood the test of time. The Urn has been around hundreds of years and will continue to sound as long as someone cares for it. Even if the Urn itself is destroyed we will always have this poem to remember it by. Throughout this poem we see the same theme over and over, things that do not, and cannot change.This we can see from this piece is both a blessing and a curse. While the figures depicted are visually always the same, they will never get to experience the wisdom and fulfillment that comes with a full life. I come finally to the most quoted line of this poem Beauty is truth, truth beauty (Greenblatt, 2006) . This line is the synopsis of the transcendental ideals which are another cornerstone of the Romantic ideals. This idea shows that there are three sides to the same thing. Truth is reality, goodness is in accord with truth, and beauty reveals somethings goodness. Sanger, 2013) We can see when we give ear at this statement in the correct light and using this theory that a thing is beautiful if it reveals its truth. (Sanger, 2013) I believe that this poet has accomplished the goal that he has set for himself with this final line. This poem reveals the truth of art and poetry and how one can reflect on the other. The Urn is in a way a poem itself. What Keats says about the urn is also true about the poem. He is creating his own Urn when he writes this poem. We can see the dying poet deficiency that he himself was more like the urn he speaks of.Keats wishes that he was the fair youth that the Urn depicts. It is en miscellanyle to note that very much in ancient times urns were used for funerary rites and would even sometimes contain the remains of people. This urn that Keats has created contains him in a way as it has helped keep his memory alive for hundreds of years after his death. This poem is Keats own stab at the immortality that the urn has attained for its sculptor, even if we dont know who that sculptor was. He is writing a poem that he hopes will outlive us all like the urn has. Keats uses art to depict a theme of hopeful hopelessness.He knows he will not l ive and is doing his best to leave his mark upon the world much like the maker of the urn has. Clearly this Urn has stood the test of time since presumably it has been around for centuries at this time. This is what Keats is attempting to do with all of his poetry and I believe he was successful or we would not be discussing him in this class. The second poem for this assignment, Musee des Beaux Arts was written by W. H. Auden in 1938. The style of this poet in our book is described as flat, ironic, and conversational (Greenblatt, 2006) and I think that is a good verbal description of this poem in general.It is around like we are eavesdropping on a conversation about a recent visit to an art museum. In this conversation we see though that there is a value to the art that he is describing to us. In the first stanza of this poem we are introduced to the artist of the video without actually subtle who he is or what painting we are talking about. What we do know is that he was one of the overaged Masters and that in Audens opinion they had the right way of looking at things. They could see the truth of human existence and that the large and the terrible can encounter alongside each other.They saw things as they should be seen. They noticed things that most people dont, as we see when we go further into the piece. Auden goes on to depict a birth that he describes as miraculous. As we discussed in class this can be seen as the birth of Christ (Sanger, 2013) However since I have no religious knowledge, when I direct this piece I saw it as birth in general. All births are in their way miraculous. There are also often children waiting alongside the aged for their younger siblings to be born. While the old people love to see babies born the children often wonder if the baby will take their place.In this vignette we can see that there are two sides to every story. Next Auden reminds us again that the masters have not forgotten the truths that our author is talking about. One of these being, That even the unnameable martyrdom must run its course (Greenblatt, 2006). With this he is reminding us that although bad times can come and we often feel abandoned that it too will pass. He is saying that no matter what is happening in the world the dogs and horses of the world go on doing their thing and that the world continues turning. Finally in the last stanza Auden tells us the name of the painting that he admires so much.The painting that he calls Brueghels Icarus, is in fact the painting The Fall of Icarus by Pieter Brueghel. According to the notes in our textbook Auden also alludes to other paintings by Brueghel the birthing scene in The Numbering at Bethlehem, skaters in Winter Landscape with Skaters and a Bird fix, a horse scratching it behind in The Massacre of the Innocents (Greenblatt, 2006) We can see from this that Auden seems to have a full knowledge of this artists works. In Brueghels Icarus we have a very interesting scene. The myth ological figure Icarus struggles against death after his famously disastrous flight and crash.While this is happening the people around him just go on with their days. Many of the people who are present n this painting seem to know what has happened and simply go about their business anyway. We are clued in to this fact when he describes Icarus calls for help with the evocative imagery of the forsaken cry (Greenblatt, 2006). This phrase brings to mind a cry that is heard but ignored. The ploughman hears this but goes on with his work. The crops wait for no one. We continue to see in this poem that disrespect this horrible thing happening to Icarus the world goes on around him.The sun still shines even on the drowning boys legs. The ship that encounters him has better places to be so they simply sail past the drowning teenager. The pricey delicate ship that must have seen something amazing, a boy falling out of the sky, had somewhere to get to and sailed calmly on. (Greenblatt, 20 06) Auden clearly tells us here that the ship had to have seen the boy but the crew still went about their business as if nothing had happened. An interesting thing to note in this piece is that throughout this poem Icarus is addressed as a boy.I believe that the author does this to tell us that even mythical people are just that, people. The mythical, the amazing, and the horrible all exist alongside each other. This whole poem is about this theme. The great things that we hear about are also things that just happen to people. close of the time, the world around these people does not, or chooses not to notice the great and terrible everyday events. These things that happen are ignored and moved past on a daily basis. Even the people who they happen to are expected by the world to move on and get over it.There is no way to know if Auden meant this poem as a criticism of society, or a wakeup call to those who immortalise it, but in a way we can see how it would be one or both of th ese. The world is asleep we see the suffering in the world all around us and chiefly we do nothing to stop it. He is saying that bad things happen next to good things, and that the world is an amazing place. We often dont notice that fact unless it is pointed out to us as it has been pointed out to us by Auden with this poem. We can see when we look at these poems side by side that age they are very different they are attempting to do the same thing.Both of these authors are using poems about art to show us great truths about the world and how we see it. They are both trying to tell us that art has great value. Paintings and Urns are in their own ways a kind of time capsules that we can use to look back on the past and these poems have that power as well. They are time capsules because each of them is a great example of their respective genres of poetry. Ode on a Grecian Urn is a great example of Romantic poetry because in it Keats uses nature imagery and tells us of the great hum an faculties that exist in all of us if we just look around us.At the same time Musee des Beaux Arts is a great example of Modern poetry with its lack of rhyme scheme or pattern. Audens style is much more casual but still gets the point across. The point of this poem is that art is there to be a representation of the world, that we should take the time to look at it, and the world around it. Art and poetry are both about how they affect you as a person, how they shape your world. These poems both do a great job of awakening the power of art in all of us. If we take another look at both of these poems we can see that while they are very different that they do share some similarities.They both share the same theme of art and artists, and the permanence of art in a changing world. In Ode on a Grecian Urn Keats writes When old age shall this generation waste, thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe (Greenblatt, 2006). This passage reads almost like a line from Musee des Beaux Arts. In this line we can see the great parallel in these poems. Keats is saying here exactly what Auden has, that the world does not stop for great events. The Urn will sit in the midst of woe (Greenblatt, 2006) much like the world that we see in Musee des Beaux Arts moving around both great and horrible events happening.People go on with their lives notwithstanding these things. The great masters in Audens piece along with the Sylvan historian in Keats unsounded this fact. This is why art is created, to remind us of the world that was. It may not be a true representation of the world, because it is the artists version of the world. Bibliography Greenblatt, S. (2006). The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York W. W. Norton amp Company, Inc. Sanger, K. (2013). Class Notes. (D. M. Phelps, Performer) Flint, MI, USA.

Media studies coursework Essay Example for Free

Media studies coursework EssayThis is a weather sheet news wallpaper that has been designed for a certain variety of referees. It is a light hearted, easy to accept be that thrives on sex and scandal. Although the paper can be quite serious, for example where thither ar semipolitical issues to be discussed, they are constantly victimisation humour in the paper to return the proofreviewer more involved with what they are reading. The chosen institute is the Daily Mirror a rival of mevery former(a) tabloid papers like the Sun newspaper. The paper is dated Monday March 17 2003 and priced at 25 pence.The main news neverthe littlets are Michael capital of Mississippis interview with Martin Bashir and the fact that there may not only be one Saddam Hussein on this earth. These stories are newsworthy beca expenditure the war is currently in the usual eye also the public want to neck about celebrities as it refers to scandal on the bowel movement scallywag. The main focu s on this particular front paginate is the interview that took place between Michael Jackson and Martin Bashir it draws your attention continuous away as there is a really vigorous discolored design that is bigger than anything else on the page.This story also gets the pass by story publicise that the reader is drawn to straight away as the font is black on a white background making it affiliation out. It is also in block capitals making it easy and clear to read. The coloured image of Jackson and Bashir has been precondition a third of the page but the whole story has been given over half the page. The headline that reads Split of faithfulness works really well with the still image. The image that has been chosen is very strong beca spend it shows that Bashir has been welcomed into Jackson house like a friend and he has gone and betrayed him.To the reader this is scandal, and then even better there is a very well known celebrity involved. There is also a side headline a dvertising that if you want the full story of what happened during the interview, there are another iv pages that have been dedicated to the story. Over the black background, in white it says Bashir betrays Jacko the reader go forth want to know how exactly Jackson has been betrayed. This is the main point of this news event that Michael Jackson has been betrayed.This particular story is fetching Jacksons point of view in consideration, and is taking the opportunity to only express one view. The interview of Michaels former wife has been used on the front page as this makes the report more believable when the quote from his former wife was used on the front page it was not finished as this will make the reader want to buy the paper in order to read on. The minary lead is the one concerning that there may be more than one Saddam Hussein. It has been dedicated about a quarter of the page.Lots of coloured images of Saddam Hussein have been used making it go very well with the head line title Spot the difference this has been written in white in a stencilled army font. Then it has been placed over a dark background making it clear. The secondary headline is relatively small organism careful not to take the attention away from the lead story. infra the headline it say Special report this suggests to the reader that only this institute has the answers you are looking for and it is special(prenominal) because nobody else has it.Coming of the left hand bottom corner is a magnifier with a brief invoice of what the story is about. The main point of the article is that there is more than one Saddam Hussein, and the angle that is being taken is that the truth will be revealed. The small explanation is very short but suggests that slews of research has been done on the matter, making the evidence believable. The quarrel used for the lead story is very informal as this reading material is for a wide variety of people.The headline Split of truth is virtually a pla y of words to go with the split image, giving the story a less serious side. In this particular story, it has taken a biased angle of siding with Michael Jackson, you can light upon this from the way in which the side headline says Bashir betrays Jacko although the paper has taken Jacksons point of view they still dont let the seriousness of the event overcome the story completely so they still refer to Jackson as Jacko a name that has been given to him originally from the media.The language used for the secondary lead is also informal, using words to play with there images like Spot the difference something that the naked eye cannot do, so they are trying to convince the reader that they have the evidence to prove what some say to be right, this almost show a biased angle suggesting that what they are saying is the truth. Humour has been used in two stories with the way it refers to Michael as Jacko and the way in which the secondary story has been set out.It has been used as thi s get the reader more involved with what they are reading, it is also more likely that it will stick in their head and they will tell others what they have read. The sentence length used for the headlines is short and snappy allowing the reader to remember what they have read. The paper is edited to welcome an audience of different race, class, gender, sexuality and religion. You can design this from any of the stories, nothing has been pointed at any of these issues, nor are there any innuendos that have been made to any of these aspects.The editors have to be careful not to offend anybody in this manor as many of there own readers are of different sex, class, religion etc. It is also open to reader of all ages as they include stars like Jackson who are loved by children all across the glob and the language is in a gossipy form making it easy to read and more fun. The audience are free to make any points they wish to, this is one reason why I believe it is skinny that the stories are bias, so the tabloid are able to make a reaction something which they would not be able to achieve if both sides of the argument were given.When the audience are reading this they are able to read it in an active way as only one side of the story has been expressed. The front page is set out in a very clear way making it easy for the reader to pick up on something if they disagree with it. The use of colour and catchy headline make the paper appear to be very attractive. On this front page Michael Jackson has been represented in a positive way, giving him a chance to tell his story of what happened.The overall view of the front page is that of the good features that are its focus, which dont just concentrate on one particular story but for each one one has a good point about it whether it be a catchy headline, attractive colour picture like the one of Michael Jackson and Martin Bashir that gives a strong image to the story or the use of humour, not only used in the main story but used in the second lead to. Excellent use of phases like special report definitely imparts the reader towards the news.The only vainglorious point about this front page was for the secondary lead there could have been some use of quotation for the reader to see, although I think that the image that has been used is enough to make a reader pick up this particular tabloid paper. I believe that this front cover is successful in its target audience because there is something for everyone, it just depends on whether the reader would like to read something light hearted or a bit more serious.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology Essay Example for Free

Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology EssayThe advantages of dazzle numbfishs and patrol car tv set direction are a critical tool in legal philosophy enforcement. Officers are given the option of Tasers, which are extremely effective when pursuing an awayender that might founder had the upper hand to fight for a long time, resulting in the police policeman gaining injuries. Currently, patrol car image is a necessity as photograph records will enhance an officers credibility, corroborate identities, and statement issues, and can be practiced as evidence in court. However, critical to law enforcement stun atom smashers should be used as a last resort. Let us examine some of the issues that contain some validity to arguments for the protract use of these tools within law enforcement.One whitethorn argue that a Taser (stun gun) causes muscle contractions and renders a soulfulness helpless darn being temporarily paralyzed. lee (2007) addressed this to be true, but law enforcement has maximized reading programs so that suspects and officers lives are not in jeopardy. In addition, when a stun gun is used in that respect is a permanent record and the painting surveillance is automatically recorded when an officer takes the safety off the weapon (Lee, 2007). Consequently, the stun gun is used by law enforcement specifically for self-defense, and as a result, Lee (2007) mentions there have been hundreds of arrests that would have been involved in approximately serious outcomes, such as a suspect or officers demise.Read moreEssay About Technology Advantages and DisadvantagesAs much as of 1,500 lives a year are taken by accidents with firearms in the United States (Tennenbaum, A. N., Moore, A. M. (1993). However, guns have been converted into less-lethal weapons such as Tasers. In fact, the Taser gun also known as a stun gun has the strength of 50,000 volts that are connected to electrodes, and this nonlethal weapon resembles a gun in its co mposition and has varying degrees of major power. Tennenbaum, A. N., Moore, A. M. (1993) renowned that there are available nonlethal weapon technologies, which give citizens options and no deadly force of tralatitious guns.The stun gun is an alternative weapon that can be operated by an officer with proper didactics and is a nonlethal weapon. One must be capable of using a stun gun to subdue or neutralize a suspect so that no harm will pass on to peerlesss body. later all, not every person has the same body structure, sotherefore the stun gun can be more dangerous depending on the individual. Example, someone with a heart defibrillator can foul from a stun gun (Lee, 2007). However, with the proper training, an officer has the knowledge of reducing or increasing power on the stun gun, and the main idea here is that the Taser will immediately stop an individual in his tracks by setting the Taser to a specific level for the offender.One may argue that stun guns may promptly fa ll into the hands of criminals who will use them for criminal acts. Although, there is no arguing oer this point, nevertheless with these weapons such as stun guns, the consequences will not be deadly for either the officer or the offender. Suppose some others may say that nonlethal weapons are unrealistic but interesting. After all, one knows an advance of technological knowledge is essential in law enforcement.For example, when Tasers are used in the muscular areas, the offenders nervous system is shut down for up to 30 seconds. As a result, the officer is safe from harm. Finally, an officer now has efficient time to confine or restrain the suspect. Hence, no one gets hurt. Law enforcement wants to prevent any misuse. An individuals background is nationally run through to verify his credit observance information, age, and identification. Finally, there is a check for any felony convictions, not to mention terrorist watch lists. If any information pertaining to felonies return up , the individual will be turned away.When one uses a patrol car and it is equipped with video surveillance, he is being protected in many ways because video does not lie. Whether the officer is playing inappropriately or the suspect is acting hostile the video will prove to be the most critical evidence. Tennenbaum, A. N., Moore, A. M. (1993) assures surveillance systems are great additions to police cars. They protect both sides, and if one thinks about it, he would rather be stunned than shot. The most distinct video surveillance brings the highest quality to agencies. They are promiscuous to use and they have the technology to transfer, gather, and retrieve evidence. In fact, the video is shared with court officials and the prosecution while maintaining the integrity of the original video.There are no negative factors in having patrol car video surveillance. This tool is capable of functional requirements and meeting legislative mandates. Typically, patrol car surveillance sys tems tend to use analog tape technologies, which can be copied and transferred. However, boilers suit performance in these surveillance systems is limited.In conclusion, the overall success with law enforcement and the violence out there today are critical tools for an officers self-defense. In addition, Taser and video surveillance are the most chosen tools in law enforcement. Furthermore, when the Taser is used properly and efficiently, it will discourage the most hostile offenders, whereas most nonlethal weapons will not having the necessary means. Meanwhile video surveillance can help an officers defense or a suspects guilt in court as it is a permanent video record of an incident. Moreover, video surveillance is never bias, the truth is right in straw man of you.ReferencesLee, Harry. (2007, February 19). JPSO Tasers Have Proven To Be A Near-Perfect Non-Lethal Weapon That Stuns. Sheriffs Weekly Journal, 27(31), 36, 1/3. Retrieved May 28, 2008, fromhttp//search.ebscohost.com/l ogin.aspx?direct=truedb=f5hAN=24245269site=ehost-liveTennenbaum, A. N., Moore, A. M. (1993). Non-Lethal Weapons Alternatives To blistering Force. The Futurist, 27(5), 20. Retrieved May 28, 2008, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID 479634).

Abigails Party Essay Example for Free

Abigails caller EssayMy group and I ar working on a simulated military operation called the birthday Party By Harold Pinter. The work is lot in 1960s. The face we doing is about a man, names Petey returning home from some sort of morning time to job to a boarding house where his wife, whos called zillion and is the owner, fusses around him. We start to see that this routine is actually basic and a sense of this what they do e really day. As the scene goes on Stanley comes in and plays sort of a grumpy teenager. I play the part of Petey. At the time of this plays consideration, men had more of a paramount role in society and the women didnt work much and did more of the housework.This could mean that the male characters in plays around this time were more dominate and women did more housework and beneficial like Meg, fussed around their married man as he was the only source of income, this could influence Meg as being fussy and concerning over Petey. The war would dumbfound been less than two decades ago so that may influence the characters in plays. Meg maybe fussing around he husband because he was a war-hero influencing her to very proud and caring of husband, or maybe Petey only has a morning job because he is slightly injured, this could influence his physical expression.This is incompatible from the text that we have studied called Abigails Party because was set in the 1970s where women had a more preponderant role than in the 1950s. The women were more out-spoken and more free to work have more social activities. In Abigails Party there was a lot more conflict and more fiery action amongst characters unlike in the Birthday Party it was Meg said a comment, which Petey may of thought was stupid, Petey just answered simply in a slow pace and showed no motivation to want to speak.In Abigails Party when a comment was made that one of the partners didnt like to hear they either fought about it or gave a sarcastic comment to show their an noyance whereas in the Birthday Party I, Petey, just gave short naive unmotivated answers to a persistent and fussing Meg. The two plays showed different ways of coping with situations as throughout the scene we performed Petey showed boredom and Meg carried on being quirky, fussy and questionable, in comparison to that in Abigails Party they handled situations in a more sarcastic, and argumentative.The two plays are humorous on different levels. The Birthday Party is preposterous because of we can see Peteys clear boredom of having this conversation and routine, which we can tell is a daily liaison he goes through. Megs stupid comments just to speak and engage with Petey and in cases, to know out side life, is particular(a) to us because the questions are stupid like when hes just got the corn flakes and she asks if they are nice and he hasnt point tasted them. However, the two plays have similarities. Pinter and Leigh are both known for naturalism.The scene on Birthday Party I performed was very natural and realistic nothing out of the ordinary happened it was very simple and plain further it was easy to relate to which made it effective and the birthday party as too naturalistic and possibly more modern and in the effect of couple arguing and women playing more dominate roles. However, the Birthday Party as it goes on turns out to be more absurd and super-natural. Both plays also have fussy and inquisitive women. Meg is very questionable to Petey and wanting to know things, Bev.Tries to keep the gathering shes got alert and wanting people to pay attention to her likewise to Meg wanting Peteys attention. The historical and social setting is fairly similar as the man in Birthday Party does seem to have the dominant role as Meg does everything for him cooking, washing etc. Contrastingly to when Angie says something against Tony, like he is argumentative or wont do something, he takes action by shouting or grabbing her hand. Angie stops and doesnt prote st showing men still had some dominant role in the 70s.We are presenting our play as the auditory sense in a semi-circle in one end of the studio and us performing in the former(a) half of the circle. This allows the audience to be the third wall, which is very in the style of Pinter and Leigh. This can give the audience more of a role and part, its very soap like, which is naturalistic, just as the plays studied, are intended to be. We are using different techniques and styles of performing such as giving each character more or less just one characteristic and not changing the pace much.For example when I play Petey I kept the same tone and tired motivation to tell the audience that Ive been doing this for a very long time. For Meg she kept her fussing and questionable ways and when Stanley comes down he was more mellow and got the office of Ive got my wrapped round my little finger. We used symbolism in our play, for example my paper. When I played Petey, the paper was my onl y bit of something new for that day, everything else was the same predictable self but my paper, which Im though out the scene reading or holding, gives me salivation from Meg and the predictable ways.We are keeping the style very naturalistic. This is different from the different play as the characters pace changed very much through the play. At one time they would be talking and the next minute there would be an argument to change the pace and the mood in which all the characters felt. You never felt the characters would stay for long at one place whereas Petey stayed in the soften all the time and kept his pace the same except it did change sometimes. The other text (Abigails party) influenced our public presentation by making Meg a little more dominate and persistent for Peteys attention.

A Piece of Peace Essay Example for Free

A Piece of Peace Es pleadThe terrorist attacks on September eleventh affected more than undecomposed the lives of those in mint who were the direct victims of the attacks. An entire nation was victimized and the whole nation grieved for those who suffered in New York City. As the attacks occurred I sat in my high school incline class and while the t from each iodineer taught I sidereal day dreamed. It was a typical Tuesday morning and to be transparent I did non ever hear her the first time she explained the tragic events that had taken place sightly moments ago. I heard the word terrorists and the fragments of statements like hundreds died this morning when. Then, I could only hear my heart squeeze in my ears. I watched my teacher turn on the TV. She flipped through several stations. I dont remember what I saw but I can remember what I heard. It was the sound of people crying. Over the attached few months, as a nation, we followed the story as did the world. I can rem ember President render attempting to comfort the join States and telling us the States would be going to fight for reasons that werent clear to me then(prenominal) and certainly arent clear to me now.Somewhere between the night of September 10th, when I was plotting how I was going to forefend school the next morning and the night of September 11th, I grew up. When I look back on that time in my smell I am left with a single haunting pattern It is the pursuit of calmness which leads to destruction. Even today, years after the terrorist attacks, people still talk about how that day changed everything. I agree, in some counsellings. It changed me and I became something bare-ass. It changed my family. It changed how American view other Americans and how we view the rest of the world.Americans brace since the birth of the nation conceived that their vogue was the best bearing. Americans were shocked to find out that people hated them abounding to want to kill them. Septe mber 11th labored Americas to reflect on the military, social, and political actions of America and how they accompli run out people of other countries. Perhaps Americans are not always in the right. For example, President provide I gave weapons to the Afghan people to win a war against Russia. When the Afghan people defeated the Russian, Afghanistan was completely destroy. American promised them they will help rebuild but they did not.That is why the terrorist were able to come into the country and making a terrorist breeding ground. I dont think that September 11th effects the way Americans conduct their lives daily. People who say it does are feeling the pressure of guilt. Society says we must not forget, and as Americans say we wont. As a nation the citizens learned that thither is a fine line between terrorist and independency fighter- we are skilful afraid to view as it and seem unamerican. Those men who ran planes into building, killed Americans and killed themselves wa nted only angiotensin converting enzyme thing peace.They wanted freedom from the western world and choose to die. fair(a) as we wanted independence from England centuries ago. In looking for peace they destroyed lives, families, and shook the protected ground the coupled States sat on. It made the country stronger but not smarter. I am anxious over the global discord and the cultural ignorance that seems to grow between the United States and the rest of the world. The problems in Iraq foretell and may spark future clashes with a number of civilizations in the future. Just recently I drove home from work and I flipped through different radio stations.I caught the end of Bob Dylans The Times They Are A-Changing. Its funny because that is my moms favorite song and I had forgotten it existed. I still can hear her sing, Come gather round people Wherever you roam / And admit that the waters Around you have grown /For the times they are a-changin, while she tinkered around in the kitch en way before anyone else got up. I dont know that I ever really listened to the words before. Dylan knew and my mom knew things I was nevertheless beginning to. Dylan and my mom knew theres a battle outside And it is ragin and September 11th did shake our windows and rattled our walls.As a nation its citizens have no right to pink What we you cant understand and our sons and your daughters Are beyond our your command (Dylan). Our soldiers fight a war for reasons no one really knows for America that would rather criticize them then help in country that does not seem to want peace. Dylan sings about the injustice in war and that we should not be afraid to speak our minds Come writers and critics Who prophesize with your pen And keep your eyes widely The chance wont come again And dont speak too soon For the wheels still in pull And theres no tellin who That its namin.For the loser now Will be by and by to win For the times they are a-changin. (Dylan) Bush wants peace but for hi s own reasons and through those reasons American soldiers are dying, and so are the Iraqi people. It is ironical that while those terrorists die nobly but ur soldiers die in such a cruel way. McKay writes in his poem, If We Must Die, that people should not die for nothing or by doing nothing. That death is inevitable, especially in war, but all people must fight for the things we want in this world and hold on to life and liberty as long as we can O kinsmen we must meet the commons foeThough far outnumbered let us show us brave, And for their thousand blows deal one deathblow What though before us lies the open grave? Like men well aspect the murderous, cowardly pack, Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back (Claude McKay) In the summer of 2001 I was lying in my hammock and I could see a butterfly in my backyard. I remember as a child learning that caterpillars itch and go into cocoons to find peace from that. Change in a way is a form of destruction. To be able to be someone new people have to seduce up their old selves and move past who they used to bee.When a child develops into an adult, he must founder up his toys, his childhood beliefs like believing in Santa Claus. His childhood fantasies must be destroyed if he is to move on. In the years that followed September 11th I could feel myself adapt to my new surround (White puff 2). White, through the use of nature explores the scary nature of change I have to shed my skin again Adapt to my new surroundings become another version of myself. The change inwardly me does not happen overnight but through the evolution of my life (White) I was filled with Americans sensation of patriotism and unity.The new American was like the first fish that grew tiny legs (White assembly line 8). Christine Whites poem, Molting reminded me that it was not just me that grew up, the United States did too. Whites point of view is that change is not a bad thing and is inevitable. tight every person around the country joined together as one united entity to conduct tribute and homage to all the fallen heroes. There was a sense of harmony and peace. In way I think America, even those the terrorist attacks were tragic, knew that such an event was needed if we were going to shed our my skin (White Line 1) and become a stronger nation.As time goes by and my bad memories fade I remember America in its full glory. Watching the cumulative effect of humanity shining through the fire and smoke. I remember how many an(prenominal) people spoke about the importance of peace and understanding. I wonder if there can be peace if Americans are divide twain support and protest our soldiers in Iraq. The war over there caused a war here between Americans. It is the protesters protest protesters on both sides of the issues each wanting peace in their own way. People who do not want our soldiers fighting in Iraq believe that they would be peace if America stopped butting into everyones business.People who are for the war in Iraq believe peace will only come after the destruction of all terrorists. In the end these protesters (on both sides) are destroying the morale and lives of people fighting in the Iraq war and are disgracing the memories of those that died. The price of peace is super high especially because Americans do not know if we can ever have it. I do know that The line it is drawn The curse it is cast / The slow one now Will later be fast / As the present now Will later be past (Dylan). I do know that America must hold her ground against the terrorists.Americans will not be tyrannized and forced to live like cowards. Even when we face the murderous, cowardly pack, Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back (McKay Line 14). The American fight for freedom and peace has also managed to destroy our economy. Oil prices increased, the value of the American one dollar bill decreased, and the stock market bottomed out. When Clinton was President the stock market was well over 10,0 00 after 9/11 it drop well under 8000. President Bush spent the Clinton Surplus on military, and it is just now in 2006 that the stock has become stabilized.I think that our economy will emerge from this adventure and become strong once again like it was before the attacks. In the pursuit of peace and destruction, people in Americans have finally understood their place in society and were back in the lie (White Line 10). Not as a not as a bystanders but an active and involuntary participants. Americans realize that there needs to be a great deal of change and those changes have started. American citizens encourage our senators, congressmen Please heed the call / Dont stand in the doorway Dont block up the dormitory (Dylan). And governmental officials are making changes.I think our nation needs to help a new generation of people realize that aftermath of that day when humans lives were lost and Americas unique humanity and independence was demonstrated. This generations hearts we re opened and turned around in the wake of airplane crashes. On September 11, 2001 many people lost their lives because men were seeking their own personal peace. Daily our soldiers are destroyed one by one for the goal of peace. The American economy struggles because of the war for peace against terrorism. Americans fight Americans over whether we should be in Iraq or not which tears apart soldiers pride.Before that Tuesday in September, I never estimate about life and death. I never considered the consequences of war and the denial of freedoms. Now that I am older, I realize that September 11, 2001 was not just pivotal point for me but America itself. Not since bone Harbor had the United States been unexpectedly attacked on its own land. Just as families pulled together so did the United States as a whole. As a nation we cried together and we healed together. To actually witness the attacks was life changing but to be part of the healing process was life affirming.

Reflective Essay Essay Example for Free

Reflective Essay EssayReflective EssayReceiving the horrible parole was much achy than walking on a thousand nails. The many times I told myself that it was completely just a dream, the more I began to believe myself. All until the horrible realization that it was happening and that it was too good to be true. Realizing that every morning I woke up to go check his room he wouldnt be there was one of the many realizations I had to experience. But there was one collateral outcome of the death of my brother. It taught me that you can never take the time you spend with your loved ones for granted regular if you only see or converse with them for five minutes, never take it for granted.I remember this sad event like it was yester twenty-four hours. My brother and I were 8 years apart. So we were very close. He unexpended off going to Pennsylvania to go to Penn State College. We talked and texted at least 3 times a sidereal day if not more. Our conversations were very misbe gotteningful and I will always cherish the ones that we had. During Christmas of 09 he came flock for the home going of my aunt. Just being able to see him was enough for me. While talking to him my scram and I noticed that he had a lump on the left side of his neck and my fix advised him to get it checked out. So, he went to the doctor and they ran tests and found out that it was a cancerous neoplasm and that they would need to run treatment right away. Finding this out, my brother then moved back to Florida to start his treatments at ORMC (Orlando Regional Medical Center).After about 3 months of treatment, the doctor said that the cancer was more aggressive than they thought it could develop so they said there was nothing else that they could do. The medical staff proceeded to dismiss Earl to hospice where he would no longer be taking chemotherapy but just medicine to relieve him of the pain. We both knew he wouldnt be with us that much longer, but the persistence and deter mination in me believed that he would live to see me reach high school, get my license, and go to prom. Over time he halt eating and had to be fed by tube. When he halt eating, I realized that sooner or later my dreams of him seeing my accomplishments the things older siblings see their younger siblings do were over. He began to get weaker and weaker and he stopped talking to anyone. I remember the last time I saw him.We were lying down in his bed together and we were singing his favorite song. As it was time for me to go he said I love you Boo and those were the last words I ever got to hear him say to me. The next night, we totally got that dreading phone call that he had left us here on earth to be with the ethereal father. The news was just heartbreaking and I couldnt bear to hear it.This experience was very painful but it also allowed for me to gain some positivness in my thinking. Many teenagers today live life being ungrateful and snobby. Walking around thinking like that isnt always the best because as the reference says you never realize what you had until its gone. Nowadays it takes a tragedy for modern day teenagers to learn and supply gratitude towards parents and family members. The death of my brother awakened me to live life to the fullest and dont go a day not doing anything because you never know when your time may be.It also taught me to never go a day without telling my other siblings and my parents I love you. Just saying those simple three words could mean a lot to anyone. Another thing it taught me was to always be happy and greet others with a smiling and hug(depending on how well you know the person), even some strangers are welcome to hug if they are having a bad day. Just doing the simplest things could impact someone elses life and you would never know. So if there is anything I could leave you with, never take life for granted, live life to its fullest and enjoy yourself. Make your life worthwhile and enjoy it.

Corporate Governance Essay Example for Free

integrated Governance Essay rescindThis paper examines whether the net income of the chief executive director military officer position in Hong Kong public unshakables is affected by maturate composition, given the influence of family figure on the boards of umpteen Hong Kong companies. It is hypothesized that I) in family-controlled boards, top dog executive Officers pass catcher high ge arr pay and II) pass Executive Officers in family-controlled boards help oneself as Chief Executive Officer positions longer. In family-controlled boards, corporeal organization is of very high importance as the independent non-executive directors drive out pattern less influence over the board, compargond to non-family-controlled boards ( sprinkle boards). Keywords Board composition, Remuneration, Corporate Governance.1.INTRODUCTIONThe economic turmoil in Asia in 1997 has led to a wider recognition of the importance of corporate cheek. In line with global trends towards hi gher standards of corporate governance, the duties and liabilities of the directors of the listed companies father therefore become more stringent.It follows that many corporate governance mechanisms designed to varan board members whitethorn be less effective for family-owned and family-controlled business dissolutes. However, to attr action outside investors, family-owned and family-controlled firms tend to encourage greater independency and monitoring from the board.For the purposes of the study, family-owned and family-controlled ar ingestiond interchangeably. The reason is that existent family monomania is difficult to ascertain due to versatile sh atomic number 18holdings and special purpose vehicles that atomic number 18 used, and can non be deduced from annual reports.Thus, in this study we classify family-control and family- willpower when the board is make of a mass of related family members as a family-controlled board. When it is not, we classify it as a disp ersed board. In practice, there atomic number 18 instances where the family owns the majority of a company but comprise of a minority of the board, and it is attainable that the family is able to exert influence via other avenues, however, this study will not be examining such(prenominal).Family-owned firms atomic number 18 common throughout Asia. Studies signal that, family-owned firms hold more than 20 percent of the equity of listed companies in Asia, and more than 60 percent of the listed companies hand over connections with family-owned groups (Bebchuk Fried, 2006). Family-owned businesses represent the predominant form of listed companies in Hong Kong (Standard myopics, 2002). such family ownership structure implies the strong influence of dominant shareholders and go aways limited voice for minority shareholders. Compared to the Anglo-American environment, where ownership blocks are less concentrated but institutional investors are more prevalent, in Hong Kong, ther e is less of a finishing for non-executive directors or minority shareholder activists to challenge.Variations in ownership structure may lead to disputes in the nature of authority fightings, the integrity-valued functions of directors may vary in accordance to the ownership structure. For family-owned firms, Shleifer and Vishny (1997) argue that the primary agency fight is betwixt a family owner and non-family owners. Meanwhile, for widely held firms, Berle and Means (1932), and, Jensen and Meckling (1976) argue that the primary agency conflict is in the midst of executives and shareholders. As a consequence, tying wage to performance of executives may prove the most effective way to rationalize this agency conflict.To date, a vast of literatures published in new-made years show the growing recognition of influences of family-owned firms and executive net profit on corporate governance. Many studies adjudge tended to focus on the use of recompense contracts to alig n interests of executives with owners in family-owned firms.The rise in executive hire in recent years has been the put forward of public criticism, which moreover intensified corporate governance scandals.Therefore, the question whether a correlation coefficient exists between remuneration and family-control in board composition at Hong Kong-listed companies.2.OBJECTIVESIn 1994, Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited introduced rules that pack listed firms to disclose the remuneration of directors. Before 2004, there was no requirement to disclose the names and remuneration of directors (Cheng Firth, 2005).The revelation of Financial Information rule under Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limiteds lean Rules was amended on 31 March 2004 to require full divine revelation, on an individual and named basis, of directors fees and any other reimbursement or benefit payable to a director. In growth, Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standard 2 requires listed firms to disclose dir ectors share- ignorantd remuneration.The reckon on Corporate Governance Practices forms part of the Listing Rules and came into effect on 1 January 2005. According to the command on Corporate Governance Practices, Hong Kongs listed firms should be over sympathisen by an effective board, which should assume responsibility for the leadership and control of the listed firm, and the members of which should be collectively responsible for promoting the success of the firm by directing and supervising its affairs. Directors should make decisions objectively in the best interests of the firm.In regards of remuneration policy for firms directors, the Code on Corporate Governance Practices requires the disclosure of information related to the firms directors remuneration policy and other remuneration-related matters. There should be a formal and transparent procedure for setting policy on executive directors remuneration. The Chief Executive Officer, a director in the board of company, wil l hence have his/her full remuneration disclosed.It is recommended that remuneration should be set at a level sufficient to attract and retain directors of the caliber required to suffer the company successfully, but companies should avoid paying more than is necessary.However, it is argued that many corporate governance mechanisms designed to monitor board members may be less effective for family-owned firms. However, to attract outside investors, family-owned firms tend to encourage greater independence and monitoring from the board.In Hong Kong, there are quite a number of listed companies have a high closeness of family ownership. It is common for the top executives of family-owned firms in Hong Kong to be family members. The rise of remuneration of family executives in family-owned firms has been the subject of public criticism.Recognizing this, the purpose of this research is to find out whether there is any relationship between family-board-control of firms and remuneration of Chief Executive Officers. To summarize, this study revolves around the following major objectives. To test whether there are of import differences in Chief Executive Officers remuneration for family-controlled and non-family-controlled firms (specifically firms with family-controlled boards and firms without family-controlled boards) To find out whether Family Chief Executive Offices (cases where the Chief Executive Officer are family members of the family-controlled boards) are awarded riotous compensation, compromising standards of corporate governance To examine the tenure of Chief Executive Officers for family-controlled firms vs non-family-controlled firms, given that there may be differences in the boards ongoing applause and demand of the results delivered by the Chief Executive Office and To test whether there are significant differences in corporate governance structure of family-controlled and non-family-controlled firms.3.LITERATURES REVIEW, HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPME NT3.1 Agency theoryIt is commonly acknowledged that ownership structure, the basis of corporate governance, is important to the overall performance of firms. While there are a vast number of literatures discussing ownership structure, agency theory is frequently cited as a foundation.In modern corporations, the insularity of ownership and control leads to agency conflicts that can be alleviated through various corporate governance mechanisms (Fama and Jensen, 1983). As one such mechanism, compensation schemes are designed to provide bonuss that align the behavior of agents to act on behalf of principles (Jensen and Meckling, 1976). This relationship between executive compensation and firm performance has received considerable tutelage from the general public and academics.One of the issues in the field of management is the impact of family influence (Mishra et. al., 2001 McConaughy et. al., 1998) and corporate governance on the value of a firm (Khatri et al., 2001 Kwak, 2003 Blac k et al., 2003).There are various studies in assorted areas like accounting, economics, finance, law and management have been conducted to study such impact (Mishra et al., 2001 Kwak, 2003 Blacket al., 2003 Andersen and Reeb, 2003). These studies have resulted in interest and useful observations.According to Alchian and Demsetz (1972), the principal agent fuss comes from hidden action due to asymmetric information. The centre of a firm is that, it permits people to work as a team. It is the cooperation of a team that leads to a firms output. Thus, the agency line inevitably arises in corporate governance.According to Jensen and Meckling (1976), agent problem arises from the conflict of interests between shareholders as the principals and the executives as the agents. Consequently, end control rights fall into the hands of management instead of the residual cash flow claimants. As a result, the sum of monitoring expenditures be incurred by the principal, bonding expenditures inc urred by the agent, and the value of the lost residual borne by the principal are included as the cost of agency.In general, when ownership of a firm becomes more dispersed, the agency problem will be deteriorated due to the unfitness of the comparatively small shareholders to monitor the behavior of management. The monitoring of managers by shareholders is also weakened by free-rider problem. To decline the problem of agency, Ang (2000) and Denis and Sarin (1999) suggested the shareholding of management to be cast upd in order to make the executive a significant claimant.An inverse correlation exists between the dispersed ownership and firm performance (Berle and Means, 1932), because executives interests do not coincide with the interest of shareholders so that corporate resources are not used for the maximization of shareholders wealth. This view has been support by many scholars. Shleifer and Vishny (1986), McConnell and Servaes (1990), and Zingales (1995) found a strong posit ive relationship between ownership concentration and corporate performance.In transitional economies, Xu and Wang (1999) and Chen (2001) found a positive relationship between actual firm performance and ownership concentration for a sample of listed Chinese companies.3.2Ownership StructureIt is common in Hong Kong, that ownership structure is characterized by single dominant owners (Chau Leung, 2006). A report of the Corporate Governance work Group of the Hong Kong Society of Accountants in 1995 indicated that a high concentration on family-controlled listed firms is highly entrepreneurial and expedient in their business strategies, however, the report also indicate that these firms with single dominant owners lack resources and corporate culture to maintain strong internal corporate control.The 2001 Review on Corporate Governance by the Hong Kong stand up Committee for Corporate Law Reform, as intumesce as a report from Standard Poors, indicated that family ownership structur es present particular challenges. Theoretically, there is a major puzzle regarding the constituent of family in sizable firms (Bertrand Schoar, 2006 Villalonga Amit, 2006).In family-controlled firms, threatening factors may negatively influence the firms value (Demstez, 1983 Demstez and Lehn, 1985). Table 1 as at a lower place lists positive and negative factors affecting the relationship between family control and firm value. It shows that there is still difference of opinion among researchers on this topic of importance.3.3Family Chief Executive OfficersIn this study, whether a person belonging to the family acts as a Chief Executive Officer is taken into account. We classify family-control and family-ownership when the board is made of a majority of related family members (family-controlled board). When it is not, we classify it as a dispersed board. Family Chief Executive Officers have substantial stockholdings of 5 percent or more (Daily Dollinger, 1993), with such given bargaining power, can be evaluate to influence the size and structure of their remuneration packages to their own benefit. Thus, for the purposes of this study, Chief Executive Officers with stockholdings of less than 5 percent are not counted as Family Chief Executive Officers.There are differing opinions on whether such Family Chief Executive Officers have higher or lower remunerations at such family-controlled firms. Some believe that such Family Chief Executive Officers are receiving above-average compensation due to the family-controlled board, as well as their strong ability to influence remuneration deputation.Oh the other hand, others take the opposite view and see that Family Chief Executive Officers should be receiving below-average compensation. There is several reasons for this expectation. First of all, both anecdotal (Applegate, 1994 Kets de Vries, 1993) and empirical (Allen Pamian, 1982 Gomez-Mejia et al., 2001 Schulze et al., 2001) endorse suggest that incumbents with family ties to owners enjoy high employment security.As argued by Beehr (1997), the Family Chief Executive Officer inherently plays two overlapping and interdependent roles a work role as steward of the company, and a non-work role as fulfillment of family obligations. In reciprocity for this role duality, the Family Chief Executive Officer is rewarded with a relatively assured job (Allen Pamian, 1982 Kets de Vries, 1993 Gomez-Mejia et al., 2001).Moreover, some literatures suggested that evaluators are more likely to make positive performance attributions to employees when there are emotional ties between monitoring and those being judged (Cardy Dobbins, 1993). It is evaluate that in family-controlled firms, board members in their role as monitors may be less inclined to attribute disappointing results to the Family Chief Executive Officer, heavy(p) the benefit of the doubt to the incumbent when interpreting ambiguous performance data.Agency theory suggests that there are inherent conflicts between shareholders and executives. Applying agency theorys logic, the above scenario suggests that in family-controlled firms, risk adverse agents would consider higher job security for lower earnings if they are related to principals. Family Chief Executive Officers mitigate usual agency costs because of their aligned interests with the owners (Anderson Reeb, 2003). The information asymmetry problem in agency relationships may also be reduced given the close ties between Family Chief Executive Officers and the owners. Since they hold high ownership stakes, Family Chief Executive Officers have sufficient incentives to place family welfare ahead of personal interests, thus may perform better than firms with non-family Chief Executive Officers.Barney (2001) suggested that appointing family members as Chief Executive Officers may be beneficial. Tradition, loyalty, and bonding relationships determine how resources are deployed in family firms. Family Chief Execut ive Officers build common interests and identities (Habbershon Williams, 1999) and play a dual role by being both owners and executives (Chang, 2003 Yiu, Bruton, Lu, 2005).Through social relationships with managers and employees, Family Chief Executive Officers may help to obtain intangible resources such as goal congruence, trust, and social interactions, providing valuable, unique, and hard-to-imitate competitive advantage (Chu, 2011 Liu et al., 2011 Luo Chung, 2005).The Code on Corporate Governance Practices recommends remuneration committee to seek advice from the Chief Executive Officer on the matter of directors remuneration.Executives in firms controlled by a large shareholder receive more compensation for performance, than executives in firms lacking a controlling owner (Gomez-Mejia et al., 1987).Mehran (1995) examined the relationship between executive remuneration, ownership structure and firm performance. The results indicate that firms, which have more outside directo rs, have a higher percentage of executive remuneration in equity-based form. Moreover, the percentage of equity-based remuneration is inversely related to the outside directors equity ownership, i.e., the executives equity-based remuneration rose if the outside directors owned less of the company, and vice-versa.Next, Mehran (1995) turned to firm performance, and its relationship to executive remuneration and ownership structure. He used Tobins Q and return on assets as measures of firm performance. He found firm performance to be positively related to the percentage of executive remuneration that is equity-based. However, Mehran (1995) no relationship between firm performance and ownership structure. He concluded that the results support the notion that executive remuneration should be tied to firm performance.There is a vast amount of literature on turnover of the Chief Executive Officer position (Furtado and Karan, 1990 Kesner and Sebora, 1994 Finkelstein and Hambrick, 1996 Pitch er et al., 2000). However, according to Finkelstein and Hambrick (1996), the relationship between remuneration and turnover has not been subjected to rigorous empirical examination, even given the emphasis on retention as a exculpation for high remuneration of Chief Executive Officer.The following hypotheses are framedHypothesis 1 In family-controlled boards, Chief Executive Officers receive higher compensation.Hypothesis 2 Chief Executive Officers in family-controlled boards serve as Chief Executive Officer positions longer.3.4Board CompositionThe role of the board is expected to represent shareholders, provide strategic guidance to and effective oversight of management, foster a culture of good governance, and promote a safe and healthy working environment within the company.In accordance to Hong Kong Stock Exchange Listing Rule 3.10, the board of directors is required to have at least three independent non-executive directors. The presence of actually independent non-executive directors in the corporate governance regime is seen as one way of mitigating agency problem associated with concentrated family ownership.In family-owned firms, given the influence of family control on the remuneration and performance relationships exists, where the majority of shares are in the hands of family members, under this circumstance, the executive and risk-bearer functions are merged and more of the wealth consequences of the executives decisions are internalized. In other words, there is less breakup of ownership and control and thus lowering agency costs, which in turn leads to less cost for monitoring by outside directors. Therefore, firms closely controlled and managed by family members are expected to use lower proportion of outside directors compared with firms with disperse ownership.In widely held firms, with ownership dispersed among many investors, investors are often small and poorly informed to exercise even the control rights they actually have. Moreover, th e free-rider problem spunkd by individual investors makes them uninterested in expending effort to learn about the firms they have financed, or even to participate in the governance (Shleifer and Vishny, 1997). As a result, the larger degree of separation of ownership and control in widely held firms leads to greater conflicts. The use of outside directors by widely held firms is expected to be more.3.5Remuneration CommitteeIn 1999, remuneration committees were uncommon in Hong Kong, with only few firms reporting their macrocosm (Cheng Firth, 2005). Since 2006, Hong Kong Stock Exchange proposes a rule to require issuers to set up a remuneration committee, with the committee chairman and a majority of the members being commutative Non-executive Directors.In family-owned firms, the positions of the Chief Executive Officer are usually held by family members, who can influence the level of remuneration paid to directors. The Code on Corporate Governance Practices recommends remunera tion committee to seek advice from the Chief Executive Officer on the matter of directors remuneration.The Code on Corporate Governance Practices recommends that the majority of remuneration committee members be Independent Non-executive Directors. The presence of Independent Non-executive Directors on the remuneration committee is supposed to be used as monitoring mechanism that prevents excessive remuneration for executive directors (Basu et al., 2007), including that of the Chief Executive Officer. The role of independent non-executive directors and large institutional shareholders becomes crucial to curtailing the possible self-serving behavior of top managers (HKSA, 2001).Studies of firms in other countries show conflicting results on the relationship between remuneration and remuneration committee. Some findings show that remuneration committees tend to reduce remuneration, whereas others report the opposite (Conyon Peck, 1998 Ezzamel Watson, 1998).However, in practice it is highly likely that the Chief Executive Officer has some influence over the compensation decision (Murphy, 1999). An important question relating to the composition of remuneration committee concerns the ideal combination of outsiders and insiders. Insiders may face distorted incentives due to their lack of independence from the Family Chief Executive Officer (Bushman et al., 2004).3.6 Components of RemunerationThe basic components of remuneration of Chief Executive Officer are similar, however, the relative level and weights on the components differ (Abowd and Kaplan, 1999, and Bryan et al., 2006). Generally, remuneration of Chief Executive Officer can be divided into four basic parts a base salary, an annual bonus which is tied to some accounting measure of company performance, stock options, and long-term incentive plans, such as restricted stock plans and multi-year accounting-based performance plans. Base salary is the fixed part of remuneration of Chief Executive Officer, causi ng risk-averse executives to prefer an increase in base salary rather than an increase in bonuses. most(prenominal) components of remuneration are specified relative to base salary. Bonus in addition to the base salary, most companies offer their executives an annual bonus plan based on a single years performance. The purpose of such bonuses, as well as options, is to align the incentives of the Chief Executive Officer with that of the shareholders. Stock options are contracts, which give the owner the right to buy shares at a pre-specified exercise price. Stock options reward stock price appreciation, not total shareholder return, which includes dividends. In this study, stock options are excluded, as full details of such information would not be retrievable from annual reports. other forms of compensation restricted stock to be received by executives, it is restricted in the sense that shares are forfeited under certain conditions, which usually have to do with the longevity of employment. Many companies also have long-term incentive plans in addition to the bonus plans, which are based on annual performance. pennant executives routinely participate in supplemental executive retirement plans in addition to the company-wide retirement plans. Most executives have some sort of severance arrangement. Finally, executives often receive benefits in the form of free use of company cars, housing, etc.Based on the various conceptual and empirical evidences presented above, this study aims to understand whether the remuneration of a Family Chief Executive Officer is influenced by the board composition, i.e. whether it is family-controlled or not. This ties into the original Hypothesis 1, thus, the further hypotheses is framed as followsHypothesis 3 The higher the proportion of independent non-executive members on the board of directors at family-board-controlled firms, the lower the Chief Executive Officer remuneration.